Theoretical and Functional Interpretation of Hypernym–Hyponym Relations in Modern Linguistics

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of hypernym–hyponym relations in modern linguistics from both theoretical and functional perspectives. The study examines classical lexical-semantic interpretations alongside contemporary approaches within cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, and computational linguistics. The findings reveal that hypernym–hyponym relations are not only hierarchical classificatory mechanisms but also dynamic and graded semantic phenomena influenced by context. The research highlights their role in text cohesion, terminological systems, and knowledge representation. The results demonstrate that these relations have significant applications in lexicography, translation studies, and natural language processing. Overall, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of semantic hierarchies and their role in both linguistic theory and applied language technologies.