Regulation of Different Transcription Factors in EMT Transition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is classically associated with solid tumors, emerging evidence suggests that EMT-like processes also play a critical role in hematological malignancies, including AML. These processes contribute to disease progression, drug resistance, stemness, and leukemic cell migration within the bone marrow niche. Central to EMT regulation are transcription factors such as SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST, ZEB1, and ZEB2, which orchestrate gene expression changes that promote mesenchymal phenotypes. This article explores the molecular mechanisms governing the regulation of these transcription factors in AML, the signaling pathways involved, and their implications in leukemogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, it highlights the interplay between the bone marrow microenvironment and EMT-related transcriptional networks, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets.