Modern Methods for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Uterine Scar After Cesarean Section

Abstract

Timely evaluation of the uterine scar after cesarean section plays a crucial role in preventing both obstetric and gynecological complications. Over the past decades, the rate of cesarean delivery has been steadily increasing worldwide, leading to a growing number of women with a uterine scar. This makes accurate assessment of its condition highly relevant in everyday clinical practice. This review discusses current approaches to evaluating the uterine scar, focusing on both instrumental and clinical methods. Particular attention is given to ultrasound, sonohysterography, hysteroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as to the importance of early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of healing processes. In routine practice, transvaginal ultrasound remains one of the most practical and informative tools, allowing detailed assessment of residual myometrial thickness and scar morphology. At the same time, modern approaches increasingly emphasize dynamic follow-up and the use of combined diagnostic strategies that integrate clinical findings, imaging results, and patient-related risk factors. Such an approach improves diagnostic accuracy and helps optimize patient management.