SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION, CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY STUDY, THE NOVEL THIADIAZOLE LIGAND COBALT(II), NICKEL(II), AND COPPER(II) COMPOUNDS, AND IN VITRO ANTICANCER EXAMINATION OF THE LIGAND

Abstract

The thiadiazole (L2)-based ligand was readily synthesized with cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) and characterized using chemical and physical methods, supported by various spectroscopic techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, along with molar conductivity studies, confirmed the coordination pattern of the ligand with the metal ions, validating the proposed geometry of the complexes. Cyclic voltammetry studies were also conducted to understand the redox properties of the synthesized complexes. Redox pairs were identified, and the reversibility of the reaction was evaluated by calculating various electrochemical parameters, such as peak potential difference (ΔEp) and the ratio of anodic peak current to cathodic peak current (Ipa/Ipc). The results showed that the metal complexes exhibited promising redox properties, indicating the influence of the metal on the electron properties of the bond. A preliminary screening of the free linker was conducted on the HBL100 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines to investigate the role of co-localization in linker activity. Inhibition ratios were studied at specific concentrations rather than determining IC₅₀ values. The resulting studies indicate that the synthesized thiadiazole metal complexes exhibit distinctive spectral properties attributable to a well-defined structure. The presence of biological activity, along with specific redox properties, makes them promising candidates for structural modification and intensive pharmacological studies to develop metalloprotein drug candidates for breast cancer treatment.