American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769) is an open-access and double-blind peer-reviewed international journal that aims to publish original research articles, case studies, and review papers. Journal is an interdisciplinary forum for researchers that address the intersection of education and STEM learning technologies. It aims to provide implications and scopes to develop and enhance STEM education as well as the uses of technology in education at all levels across the globe. It focuses to deliver perspectives at all levels, from the micro-level of explicit educational methods and tools to be used in the learning management system, educational institutional management method, development, and implementation, curriculum & content development, graduate employability, and quality education, to the macro-level of national policies and implementations; from primary education levels to adults in both territory and vocational education levels in schools, institutions and higher institutions to online, offline and lifelong learning.
Women of the Mahabharata as Custodians of Indian Knowledge Systems: Ethics, Governance, and Social Wisdom
The women of the Mahabharata as custodians of Indian Knowledge Systems, with particular attention to ethics, governance, social responsibility, and the interpretation of dharma. Through figures such as Draupadi, Kunti, Gandhari, Savitri, and Vidura’s female interlocutors, the epic presents women not as passive recipients of tradition but as active moral thinkers, political advisers, and preservers of social wisdom. Their speeches, choices, protests, and sacrifices illuminate questions of justice, duty, power, family, war, and social order. The study argues that these women contribute significantly to the ethical and political imagination of the Mahabharata by challenging authority, redefining duty, and exposing the consequences of unjust governance. Their experiences also reveal tensions between patriarchal norms and women’s agency. Re-reading these characters through a gender-sensitive framework demonstrates their continuing relevance to contemporary debates on leadership, justice, social harmony, and the transmission of Indian intellectual traditions across generations in changing social contexts.
A Study of the Pragmatic Functions of Toponyms
This article presents a comparative analysis of the territorial, social, and cultural pragmatic functions of toponyms based on English and Uzbek language materials. The study examines the identificational, differential, deictic-orientational, socio-territorial, and cultural-symbolic functions of place names, highlighting their role in verbal communication as well as their relationship with toponymic presupposition and competence. Furthermore, the article discusses the pragmatic potential of toponyms, their realization in different types of discourse, and their theoretical and practical significance for translation studies.
The Philosophical Wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita in Sanskrit Literature
The Bhagavad Gita occupies a central place in Sanskrit literature as a philosophical dialogue that unites metaphysics, ethics, psychology, and spiritual discipline. Set within the dramatic framework of the Mahabharata, it addresses the moral crisis of Arjuna and transforms it into a universal inquiry into duty, action, knowledge, devotion, and liberation. The Gita’s philosophical wisdom through its synthesis of karma yoga, jnana yoga, and bhakti yoga, showing how these paths respond to different human temperaments while leading toward self-realization. It also explores key concepts such as dharma, atman, brahman, detachment, and equanimity, emphasizing their literary and philosophical significance. The study argues that the Gita’s enduring influence arises from its ability to reconcile worldly responsibility with spiritual freedom. As a masterpiece of Sanskrit thought, it continues to offer an ethical vision for personal conduct, social responsibility, and inner transformation in changing cultural contexts across generations and intellectual traditions.
Impact of “Tuhfat al-Mujahidin” on the Conflict between Portuguese Colonizers and Local Indian Traders of Malabar Coast: A Study
Tuhfat al- Mujahidin (Gift to the warriors of Faith) is an excellent book, a rare gem, originally written in the sixteenth century in Arabic, now available in English Written by Zainuddin Makhdum-ii. It is a book in which contains 4 main sections excluding intoduction, with the final section divided into14 chapters. When the principalities in South India- particularly those ruled by Muslims- failed to resist the Portuguese colonizers, the general population rose to defend their freedom. They rose in arms against the invaders when their governments had succumbed. It was in this context that the author wrote a treatise on the virtues of defending one's fatherland. This leads him to discuss the postulates of honour, freedom, patriotism and bravery. The doctrine of holy war is only introduced as a subsidiary theme to support the claim which is primarily nationalist and cultural. This book can go a long way towards a better understanding of the ongoing conflict in the world, which some have hastened to call “religious” or “fundamentalist”: in fact the conflict is nationalist, humanist and cultural. The contemporary Muslim resistance is rooted in a history of brutal colonization of Muslims lands by the Europeans, a process that not only destroyed the golden age of Muslim civilization but also left the Muslims of former colonies poor and backward. While terrorism can never be justified, it can be better understood by a careful reading of history. It is also important to note that various other forms of Muslim resistance get more intense when foreign powers threaten to occupy, once again, the Muslim lands. Tuhfat al-Mujahidin is one of the oldest records of the impact on the minds of Muslims when they are threatened by Portuguese occupation and exploitation in the 16th century. The paper will explore the role of the book “Tuhfat al- Mujahidin” to free South-west Indian people of Malabar Coast from the exploitation and atrocities of Portuguese and their colonialism as well as it’s contribution to Arabic literature.
Effect of Cooperative Learning Method on Secondary School Students' Achievement in Biology, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria
This study examined the effect of Cooperative Learning Method on secondary school students' achievement in Biology, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, non-randomized control group design. The population comprised 5,888 Senior Secondary School II (SS II) Biology students in public secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. A sample of 118 students selected through purposive and simple random sampling techniques participated in the study. The instrument used for data collection was the Biology Achievement Test (BAT), which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.80 using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that students taught Biology using the Cooperative Learning Method achieved significantly higher than those taught using the Conventional Teaching Method. The study also found no significant difference between the achievement scores of male and female students taught Biology using the Cooperative Learning Method. It was concluded that Cooperative Learning Method is an effective and gender-inclusive instructional strategy for enhancing students' achievement in Biology. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Biology teachers adopt Cooperative Learning Method in classroom instruction, while educational authorities should provide training opportunities to strengthen teachers' competence in implementing learner-centred instructional strategies. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting cooperative learning as a viable approach for improving Biology achievement among secondary school students.
The Artistic and Aesthetic Features of Alliteration in Uzbek and Turkish Proverbs
This article presents a comparative analysis of the use of alliteration as a stylistic device in Uzbek and Turkish folk proverbs. The study examines the phonetic structure of alliteration, its semantic function, its role in shaping rhythm and melody, as well as its national and cultural specificities in the oral traditions of the two Turkic peoples.
The Importance of Lexicography in the Translation of Terminology Between English and Uzbek
This article examines the importance of lexicography in translating social, economic, and political terminology between English and Uzbek. It analyzes lexical transformation techniques, including transliteration, transcription, calque, and lexical addition, through practical examples. The study emphasizes that effective use of lexicographic resources ensures terminological consistency, semantic accuracy, and high-quality specialized translation.
Problems of Interlingual Transfer of Textual Units in Audiovisual Translation
Audiovisual translation (AVT) has become one of the fastest-growing fields of Translation Studies due to the rapid development of digital media, streaming platforms, and global communication. Unlike conventional written translation, audiovisual translation requires translators to consider linguistic, cultural, visual, and acoustic elements simultaneously. This multimodal nature creates numerous challenges in the interlingual transfer of textual units. The present study examines the major linguistic and extralinguistic problems encountered during audiovisual translation, focusing on subtitling and dubbing as the two dominant AVT modes. The study employs qualitative comparative analysis based on theoretical approaches proposed by Díaz Cintas, Chaume, Pedersen, Baker, and Gottlieb. The findings indicate that successful interlingual transfer depends not only on linguistic equivalence but also on functional adequacy and multimodal coherence. Translators frequently apply strategies such as adaptation, omission, condensation, reformulation, and cultural substitution to preserve communicative effectiveness. The research concludes that audiovisual translation should be regarded as a process of intercultural mediation rather than simple linguistic substitution. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on audiovisual translation and provide practical recommendations for translators working in multilingual audiovisual environments.
audiovisual translation, interlingual transfer, subtitling, dubbing, textual units, multimodality, translation strategies.
Effects of Scaffolded Project-Based Language Teaching on Anxiety and Communicative Competence: Evidence From Freshman Efl Students At Uzswlu
The increasing demand for communicative competence in higher education has prompted educators to adopt learner-centered approaches that foster active engagement, collaboration, and meaningful language use. Among these approaches, Project-Based Language Teaching (PBLT) has gained significant attention for its capacity to integrate language learning with authentic tasks and real-world problem-solving. In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, particularly among freshman university students, PBLT provides opportunities for learners to develop linguistic proficiency alongside critical thinking, creativity, and teamwork skills.
scaffolding, Project-Based Language Teaching (PBLT), English as a Foreign Language (EFL), freshman students, Zone of Proximal Development, Vygotskian theory, Neurolinguistic Approach, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, learner autonomy, collaborative learning.
Linguoculturology and the Linguocultural Aspect of Phraseological Units
It is well known that every nation and ethnic group possesses its own national traditions and customs. Consequently, every individual is connected with a particular culture, language, history, and literature that reflect their national identity. Therefore, each nation's language embodies its unique national traditions and cultural values. Nowadays, comprehensive economic, political, cultural, and scientific cooperation among individuals, nations, and countries is expanding on an unprecedented scale. International cultural and communicative processes have generated numerous linguistic issues related to language culture and the national specificity of language arising from interactions among representatives of different languages and cultures.
Social class through language: Stylistic Markers of Statues and lifestyle in Mitchell's Narrative
This article investigates the linguistic means by which Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel Gone with the Wind constructs and signals social class membership among its characters. Treating the novel as a literary record of antebellum and Reconstruction-era Southern sociolinguistic variation, the study draws on the sociolinguistics of social stratification, register theory, and literary-dialect scholarship to build a four-level descriptive framework comprising phonological-orthographic, lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic markers. Applying this framework to the represented speech of the novel’s principal social groups — the planter aristocracy, the impoverished “poor white” tenant farmers, and the enslaved house servants — the analysis shows that Mitchell encodes a hierarchically organized speech continuum in which orthographic respelling, lexical choice, syntactic complexity, and address terms jointly index a character’s class position and lifestyle. The discussion situates these findings within recent scholarship on the ideological consequences of Mitchell’s dialect writing, particularly its racialized eye dialect, arguing that literary style in the novel does not merely reflect a pre-existing social order but actively naturalizes it for the reader. The article closes by considering the relevance of these findings for teaching English stylistics, sociolinguistics, and literary translation in an EFL context.
social class, literary dialect, eye dialect, stylistics, register, sociolinguistics, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind.
Reflections on Teaching Idiomatic Expressions in Uzbek Language Classes
In Uzbek language lessons, issues regarding the enrichment of students' vocabulary through phraseological units, the development of speech competence, and familiarization with the national-cultural content of expressions are relevant. This article examines the methodological aspects of teaching phrases.
Socio-Psychological Characteristics of Future Foreign Language Teachers and Their Importance in Pedagogical Activity
The modern system of foreign language education requires not only linguistic competence from future teachers but also the development of socio-psychological qualities that ensure effective pedagogical interaction. The professional success of foreign language teachers largely depends on their communication skills, emotional stability, empathy, motivation, self-confidence, and intercultural competence. This article analyzes the socio-psychological characteristics of future foreign language teachers and explains their significance in pedagogical activity. The study highlights that socio-psychological readiness directly influences teaching effectiveness, classroom management, communicative interaction, and learners’ motivation. The integration of socio-psychological approaches into teacher education programs contributes to the formation of professionally competent and psychologically resilient foreign language teachers.
This article analyzes the concept of pedagogical speech, its specific features, and the communicative qualities of teacher speech. Information is provided about such communicative qualities of speech as accuracy, correctness, logicality, and expressiveness.
Cognitive Framing in Media Discourse: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Analysis of the Linguistic Representation of Global Issues
Media discourse plays a central role in shaping public understanding of global issues by presenting events through particular cognitive frames. Rather than serving as neutral channels of information, news media employ linguistic strategies that activate specific conceptual structures, influence interpretation, and guide audience evaluation. This study investigates how cognitive framing functions in English-language media discourse through the linguistic representation of major global issues, including climate change, migration, artificial intelligence, public health, and international conflicts. Drawing on Cognitive Linguistics, Frame Semantics, Framing Theory, and Critical Discourse Analysis, the research examines how lexical choices, metaphors, evaluative language, and narrative structures contribute to the construction of meaning. The study adopts a qualitative research design based on discourse analysis of authentic news texts published by internationally recognized English-language media organizations. The findings demonstrate that media framing is achieved through systematic linguistic choices that activate culturally shared knowledge structures and influence readers' perceptions of social reality. Different media outlets emphasize different conceptualizations of identical events, thereby constructing alternative cognitive representations that may affect public opinion and policy preferences. The analysis further reveals that cognitive framing extends beyond vocabulary selection to include syntactic organization, thematic progression, and contextual interpretation. These findings contribute to contemporary research in cognitive linguistics and pragmatics by illustrating the interaction between language, cognition, and social communication. The study also highlights the importance of critical media literacy in recognizing how linguistic framing influences public understanding of complex global phenomena.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)
Manifestation of Communicative Intensity in the Expression of Speech Connotation Typical for Women Authors
This article examines how connotative meanings in women's speech manifest communicative intensity. Connotation — an additional emotive-evaluative layer beyond denotation — is produced by linguistic and extralinguistic means and functions as a pragmatic indicator of speakers' subjective attitudes. Using Uzbek language data and literary examples, the study analyzes phonetic (vowel elongation, consonant gemination), lexical-semantic (interjections, repetition, particles, distorted pronunciations), morphological (diminutive-affectionate suffixes such as -jon), and syntactic devices that generate connotative meaning in female speech. The paper demonstrates that women frequently employ emotionally colored lexis, evaluative clauses, prosodic features, and nonverbal resources to intensify communicative effects. Findings indicate that connotation pervades all linguistic levels and plays a central role in establishing empathy, social closeness, and pragmatic intent in women's interactions.
A Unique Philosophy of The Process of Forming Media Literacy and Information Culture in Educational Institutions of Foreign Countries
This article examines the unique philosophy and practical approaches to the formation of media literacy and information culture in educational institutions of foreign countries. It analyzes the experience of Finland, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, and Russia in developing media education systems and integrating media literacy into educational processes. The study highlights the conceptual foundations, objectives, and institutional mechanisms that support the development of critical thinking, responsible media consumption, and information security. Based on international best practices, recommendations are proposed for improving media literacy education and strengthening information culture in modern educational institutions.
The Role of Linguistic and Extralinguistic Devices in Film Discourse for the Creation of Linguo-Axiological Principles
Film discourse represents a complex semiotic phenomenon in which verbal and non-verbal elements interact to create meaning, convey cultural values, and shape audience perceptions. The study of linguo-axiology focuses on how language reflects and constructs value systems within communication. In film discourse, linguistic and extralinguistic devices serve as essential tools for expressing ideological, moral, cultural, and social values. This article examines the role of linguistic and extralinguistic devices in creating linguo-axiological principles within film discourse. The research highlights how lexical choices, stylistic devices, dialogue structures, visual imagery, music, gestures, and cultural symbols contribute to the formation of value-oriented meanings. The findings demonstrate that film discourse functions not only as a means of entertainment but also as a powerful mechanism for transmitting and reinforcing societal values.
Phraseological Productivity and Conceptual Profiles of Somatic Components in Modern Standard Arabic: A Corpus-Based Study
Somatic phraseological units – multiword expressions whose pivotal or dependent component denotes a part of the human body – constitute one of the oldest and most productive layers of the phraseological stock of any language. This article examines the phraseological productivity and the conceptual profiles of somatic components in Modern Standard Arabic on the basis of a purpose-built corpus of 844 somatic phraseological units extracted from a dictionary of idiomatic expression in contemporary Arabic (Dāwūd, 2003), covering 71 distinct body-part lexemes. The study pursues two aims: to establish the productivity hierarchy of somatic components and the distribution of figurative mechanisms across the corpus, and to map the conceptual fields generated by the six most productive components – yad ‘hand’, ʿayn ‘eye’, qalb ‘heart’, wajh ‘face’, raʾs ‘head’ and lisān ‘tongue’. The quantitative analysis shows that external body parts account for roughly three-quarters of all units, that metonymy outranks metaphor among overtly figurative units, and that the productivity ranking of Arabic somatisms broadly parallels that reported for genetically unrelated languages. The qualitative analysis reveals that each productive component anchors a structured set of conceptual domains – power, perception, emotion, social standing, cognition and speech – confirming that the body functions as a coherent and culturally elaborated source domain in Arabic phraseology. The findings carry implications for bilingual lexicography, translation and the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language.
Mamasoliyeva Mushtariybegim Qobuljon qizi
ANUSHTEGINID FOREIGN POLICY AND THE IDEOLOGICAL WAR WITH THE ABBASID CALIPHATE (A CASE STUDY OF THE ERA OF KHWARAZMSHAH ALAUDDIN MUHAMMAD)
This article examines a critical juncture in the foreign policy of the Anushteginid (Khwarazmian) dynasty: the escalating conflict between Sultan Ala al-Din Muhammad (r. 1200–1220) and the Abbasid Caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah (r. 1180–1225). Employing a qualitative, historical-critical methodology, this study investigates how a geopolitical rivalry for regional hegemony transformed into an unprecedented ideological war. The Results section delineates the key stages of this policy, including the discovery of the Caliph's anti-Khwarazmian intrigues, the Sultan's subsequent use of "fatwa diplomacy" to delegitimize the Abbasid caliphate, and the ambitious but failed project to install a rival "anti-caliph." The Discussion analyzes the strategic implications of this radical foreign policy, arguing that while it represented the apex of Anushteginid imperial ambition, it ultimately proved catastrophic. By instigating a schism within the leadership of the Dar al-Islam, Sultan Muhammad undermined his own spiritual legitimacy and precipitated the profound diplomatic isolation of his empire. The article concludes that this internal fracture was a decisive factor that crippled the potential for a united Islamic response, thereby creating a vacuum of authority that facilitated the devastating success of the subsequent Mongol invasions.
Foreign Scholars’ Views on the Issue of the Competency-Based Approach in Teaching Arabic to Uzbek Students
This article analyzes foreign scholars’ views on the competency-based approach in teaching Arabic to Uzbek students. The competency-based approach is considered one of the most effective directions in modern foreign language education because it focuses not only on linguistic knowledge but also on the learner’s ability to use the language in real communicative, academic, cultural, and professional contexts. In teaching Arabic, this approach is especially important due to the complex grammatical structure of Arabic, its rich lexical system, stylistic diversity, and close connection with Arab-Islamic culture. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of competency-based language teaching through the views of foreign scholars such as N. Chomsky, D. Hymes, M. Canale, M. Swain, H. Widdowson, C. Kramsch, J. C. Richards, D. Nunan, and S. Savignon. The study also explains the relevance of these theories to Arabic language education for Uzbek students. The article concludes that the competency-based approach can improve students’ linguistic, communicative, sociocultural, intercultural, discourse, strategic, and translation competencies.
competency-based approach, Arabic language teaching, Uzbek students, communicative competence, intercultural competence, foreign scholars, foreign language education.
Comparative-Linguistic Analysis of Objectivity and Boundedness Meanings in Verb Combinations
The creative processes of the Kokand Khanate period, the intellectual collaboration of scholars from Namangan, and their literary traditions are analyzed. Based on historical and literary sources, Namangan is presented as a historically significant cultural center that has long produced prominent poets and enlightened thinkers. The life and creative activity of Nodim Namangoniy, his attitude toward the socio-political events of the colonial period, as well as his satirical and didactic views, are examined on a scholarly basis. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of the Namangan literary environment in the history of Uzbek literature and the significance of Nodim Namangoniy as an enlightened poet.
objectivity, boundedness, verb combinations, transitivity, telicity, verb semantics, English, Uzbek, comparative linguistics.
Modern Educational Models in the Context of Mother Tongue Teaching
This article analyzes the modern educational models used in the process of mother tongue teaching, their theoretical foundations, and their practical significance. It also addresses issues of developing learners’ speech and linguistic competencies through a competency-based approach, interactive methods, digital technologies, and innovative pedagogical techniques. The research findings demonstrate that modern models play an important role in improving the quality of mother tongue education.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Importance of Early Notification in Ensuring Timely Response to Fires
Rapid response to fire incidents is one of the most critical factors in reducing casualties, property losses, and environmental damage. Early notification systems play a vital role in detecting fires at their initial stages and promptly informing emergency services. This study examines the significance of early fire notification in improving response times and enhancing the effectiveness of firefighting operations. The research analyzes the impact of modern fire detection technologies, communication systems, and emergency dispatch mechanisms on fire management. The findings indicate that timely notification significantly reduces fire spread, improves evacuation efficiency, and minimizes economic losses. The study highlights the necessity of integrating advanced monitoring and alert systems into fire safety strategies to strengthen public safety and emergency preparedness.
The Use of Phytonyms in Figurative Meaning in Karakalpak Folklore
This article investigates the figurative (non-literal) use of phytonyms — plant-name lexemes — in Karakalpak oral folklore, drawing on the hundred-volume academic edition of Karakalpak Folklore (Qaraqalpaq fol'klorı) published by the “Ilim” Publishing House in Nukus. Four folklore genres are examined comparatively: proverbs and sayings (naqıl-maqallar), heroic epics (dastans), riddles (jumbaqlar), and tongue-twisters (jańıltpashlar). The analysis shows that phytonyms are not distributed evenly across genres, nor do they perform the same function in each. In proverbs, phytonyms function as auxiliary semantic carriers of metaphorical judgment about human character and social life rather than as autonomous images. In epic poetry, the lexeme “gúl” (“flower”) accumulates a wide emotional register — beauty, youth, transience, sorrow — frequently activated through contrastive juxtaposition. In riddles, phytonyms are shown to perform two distinct and previously under-differentiated functions: as descriptive vehicles that characterize a hidden referent, and as the hidden referents themselves. In tongue-twisters, the selection of phytonyms is governed primarily by phonetic rather than semantic criteria, serving alliteration and assonance. Comparative attention is also given to the role of cultivated-plant phytonyms (cotton, pumpkin, melon, wheat) as evidence of the historical centrality of agriculture and horticulture in Karakalpak material culture. The findings extend and corroborate the broader Turkic-area scholarship on plant-name lexis (Nematova 1998; Otemisov 2020) by grounding it in a systematic, genre-differentiated folklore corpus, and they offer a model for comparable studies of phytonyms in other folklore traditions of the region.
Digital Pedagogies for Enhancing Entrepreneurship Education in Business Classrooms in Universities in Rivers State
This study examines digital pedagogies for enhancing entrepreneurship education in business classrooms in universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the utilization of digital pedagogies in teaching entrepreneurship education and determine their influence on students’ entrepreneurial skill acquisition. Two research questions and two corresponding null hypotheses guided the study. The study was anchored on Human Capital Theory and Experiential Learning Theory. A descriptive correlational survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 1,298 respondents, consisting of 78 business education lecturers and 1,220 final-year business education students in Rivers State University and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, from which a sample of 297 respondents was drawn using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination formula and proportionate sampling technique. Data were collected using a researcher-developed instrument titled Digital Pedagogy and Entrepreneurship Education Questionnaire (DPEEQ). The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by experts, while its reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, which yielded a coefficient of 0.89 for the study. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions and z-test to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital pedagogies were moderately utilized in teaching entrepreneurship education, but they had a significant positive influence on students’ entrepreneurial skill acquisition. The study concluded that effective integration of digital pedagogies can substantially improve entrepreneurship education outcomes. It was recommended that universities strengthen digital infrastructure, train lecturers in digital teaching practices, and integrate more experiential digital tools into entrepreneurship instruction.
Linguocultural Aspects of Discursive-Pragmatic Transformations in the Translation of Metaphors in English Literary Texts
Metaphors play a crucial role in literary discourse by conveying artistic, cognitive, and cultural meanings. Their translation is often challenging because metaphorical expressions are closely connected with the linguistic and cultural background of the source language. This study explores the linguocultural dimensions of discursive-pragmatic transformations used in translating metaphors from English into Uzbek. Using a qualitative comparative approach, the research analyzes metaphorical units found in English literary texts and their Uzbek renderings. The findings show that translators frequently employ adaptation, substitution, preservation, and explicitation strategies to maintain both meaning and communicative effect. The study concludes that effective metaphor translation requires attention not only to linguistic equivalence but also to cultural context and pragmatic function.
Linguo-Stylistic Possibilities of Synonymic Choice in The Speech of Religious Scholars
The article analyzes the role of synonymic units in refining meaning, expressing respect, adapting speech to the audience and creating euphemistic mitigation in religious discourse. It discusses rows such as prayer-supplication, sin-mistake and died-passed away.
The Role of Family–School Cooperation in Enhancing Youth Spiritual and Moral Development
The spiritual and moral development of young people is one of the most significant issues in contemporary society. In an era characterized by rapid technological progress, globalization, and cultural transformation, the formation of ethical values, social responsibility, and positive behavior among youth has become increasingly important. Family and school are the two primary institutions that influence a child's character, worldview, and moral beliefs. Their cooperation plays a crucial role in fostering the spiritual growth of young generations. This article examines the importance of family–school collaboration in enhancing youth spirituality and moral consciousness, analyzes the responsibilities of both institutions, and proposes effective strategies for strengthening their partnership. The study highlights that sustainable cooperation between parents and educators contributes significantly to the formation of morally mature, socially responsible, and intellectually developed individuals.
Digital Skills Acquisition and Business Educators' Job Effectiveness in Public Universities in Rivers and Bayelsa States
This study examined the relationship between digital skill acquisition and Business Educators' job effectiveness in public universities. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between ICT skill acquisition, video conferencing skill acquisition, and word processing skill acquisition, and their impact on job effectiveness. The study was guided by three research questions, and three null hypotheses tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A correlation survey design was adopted in this study. The population consisted of 72 Business Educators in the aforementioned public universities, and a census sampling of the entire population was used. Data were collected using two structured questionnaires titled “Digital Skill Acquisition Questionnaire (DSAQ) and “Job Effectiveness of Business Educators Questionnaire (JEBEQ)”. The instruments contained a total of 38 items, and which were validated by experts in Business Education. Reliability of the instruments was determined using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding coefficients of 0.88, 0.97, 0.95, and 0.98 for ICT skill, video conferencing skill, word processing skill, and job effectiveness respectively, with an overall reliability of 0.95. The instruments were administered with the assistance of one research assistant, and all 72 copies were returned and used for analysis. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed a very strong positive relationship between ICT skill video conferencing skill and word processing skill acquisition respectively and Business Educators’ job effectiveness, indicating that proficiency in ICT tools significantly enhances teaching and administrative performance. Video conferencing skills were also strongly related to job effectiveness, suggesting that virtual communication tools improve collaboration and instructional delivery. Word processing skills demonstrated a very strong relationship, highlighting the importance of managing digital documents efficiently for academic productivity. The study concluded that acquiring digital skills in ICT, video conferencing, and word processing significantly improves the job effectiveness of Business Educators. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Ministry of Education and educational stakeholders should provide adequate digital learning facilities, university management should support Business Educators through training and development programmes, and regular appraisals of digital skill acquisition should be conducted to identify gaps and enhance performance.