American Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education (2993-2769)

Gamification in Education: Enhancing Engagement and Motivation in Uzbekistan's High Schools

Javohir Abdullayev — 2025-01-06

Thanks to the internet and the growing trend of content consumption, students increasingly lack the patience and time for activities that require extended focus. This is particularly problematic for subjects like history, which demand sustained engagement with reading materials. The shift away from deep focus poses challenges for students and educators alike, especially in fostering critical thinking and comprehension skills. This paper aims to discuss the possibility to use the concept of gamification in the educational system of Uzbekistan with reference to the mentioned difficulties. Point systems associated with ‘bribes’, badges and leaders or ‘trophy’ systems have been used in the past because they promote interest and healthy competition among students. However, besides using the above benefits which show that the program changes engagement and motivates students, it also brings about some issues especially among those who do not like competition or have low performance. This paper shows how game based approach enhances concentration and fun in learning while at the same time ensuring that the methods are not overused to a level of stressing students who learn at a slower pace, by also incorporating traditional teaching methods for learning. The studies indicate that, if correctly utilised, gamification increases motivation and the learning achievements in addition to emphasising the cooperative component. This research is useful as it develops an approach to using gamification in the cultural and educational context of Uzbekistan and supports the use of both big and small applications based on a variety of students’ needs.

Basic Structural Features of Dynamic and Static Structures

Daminova Mashhura Zafar qizi — 2025-01-06

This article examines the types of adjunct constructions, in particular dynamic and static adjunct constructions. The article also thoroughly studies the semantic-syntactic type of content of dynamic and static adjunct elements, their definitions given by linguists. The ideas about “Adjunct constructions” presented below are of scientific and theoretical importance and are of great importance for the development of other linguistic disciplines.

Dreams in Fiction as a Tool for Enhancing Psychological Drama and Composition

Khurshida Umarova — 2025-01-06

This paper explores the significance of dream motifs in psychological novels, focusing on their function in shaping the narrative and revealing the characters' inner worlds. By analyzing the dream sequences in Oktam Usmonov's novel "Girdob," we demonstrate how dreams serve as a powerful tool for: psychological exploration, narrative structure, symbolism and metaphor. The analysis of Saltanat's dream in "Girdob" highlights the complex interplay between the conscious and unconscious mind, and how dreams can reflect the character's emotional turmoil and psychological struggles. By examining the use of dream motifs in literary works, we can gain a deeper understanding of the human psyche and the power of storytelling.

Reading Literature in Uzbekistan: From Local to Global Thinking

Mirzaeva Zulkhumor Inomovna — 2025-01-06

In the pre-independence period of Uzbekistan, reading literature was also based on communist ideology. Today’s globalization is also impact on interpreting literary art. Because through the universal approach to a specific reality, readersr might discover new interpretations in the harmony of national and international concepts while analyzing the literary texts. At the same time global integration is negatively influencing on nation’s thought, especially, young people’s thinking and it causes a lot of cultural loses, treats to values in the sense «covering the entire globe", "exceeding", "exceeding the limit" .

In this article, the main principles of reading literature, positive and negative impact of globalization on students thought, positive, at the same time negative consequences of global integration is analyzed in the local and global context. And influence of ideological inertia of Soviet Imperia to reading literature, life style of old and young generation will also be discussed in the case of Uzbekistan.

The Significance of Conceptual Metaphor in Belles-Lettres Texts

Bozorov Abdurauf Sheramatovich — 2025-01-06

This article explores the significance of conceptual metaphors in belles-lettres, focusing on their cognitive, thematic, and emotional roles within literary texts. Drawing on the theory of conceptual metaphors, the paper examines how these metaphors shape the way readers understand abstract concepts, structure complex ideas, and experience emotions in literature. By analyzing examples from works such as Shakespeare, Kafka, Dickinson, and Woolf, the article demonstrates how conceptual metaphors provide a deeper cognitive and emotional engagement with themes like love, death, time, and identity. Additionally, it highlights the philosophical and cultural dimensions of metaphors, showing how they reflect and challenge societal values and ideologies. Ultimately, the article argues that conceptual metaphors are fundamental not only to the intellectual depth of literary works but also to their aesthetic appeal, contributing to the power of belles-lettres to shape both individual thought and collective consciousness.

The Importance of Materials Development in Teaching English

Nargiza Akhmadova — 2025-01-06

Materials development is an essential aspect of effective English language teaching, encompassing the creation, selection, and adaptation of resources that support learning outcomes. The development of these materials allows teachers to meet students’ linguistic needs, accommodate various learning styles, and engage them in the language-learning process. This article examines the role of materials development, including the types of resources commonly used, the methodologies behind creating and adapting materials, and their impact on student engagement and achievement. By reviewing relevant literature and presenting findings on best practices, this paper underscores the importance of investing in materials development as a key component of English teaching.

Treatment of Glaucoma in Modern Medicine

Tolmasov Ruzibek Tolmasovich — 2025-01-06

The purpose of this article is to study modern medical treatment methods for glaucoma and evaluate their practical significance and effectiveness. It aims to analyze pharmacological and invasive approaches in diagnosing and treating glaucoma, as well as the role of modern medical technologies and equipment in this process.

The Impact of Songs to Teach Vocabulary to Young Learners

Maxbuba Yusupova Bardi qizi — 2025-01-06

Due to its beneficial impact on language learning, the use of songs in language instruction, especially for younger students, has drawn a lot of attention. Songs offer an entertaining and captivating way to teach English, motivating young students to take an active role in their education. Songs’ rhythm and melody aid in strengthening listening comprehension, pronunciation, and word recall. Additionally, songs frequently include recurring structures that help kids learn new language patterns and syntax. This article discusses the impact of songs on teaching vocabulary to young learners. It explores how incorporating songs into vocabulary lessons can enhance language acquisition, improve memory retention, and make learning more enjoyable and effective for young students. Songs offer a fun and engaging way to reinforce new words and phrases, fostering both language development and motivation.

Challenges in Methodological Issues in Feminist Criticism and Feminist Literary Criticism

Aseel Abbas Khudhair — 2025-01-07

This study explores feminist literary criticism and the emergence of global feminist literary criticism within the overlap of literary theory and feminist and gender studies. It further conveys the extensive nature of feminist literary criticism, showcasing its variations and uses across various social and cultural settings, merging the feminist perspective with racial and cultural contexts. Feminist Criticism has faced, and continues to face, challenges that hinder its ability to connect with all women globally, resulting in a gap that has gradually expanded over time and alienated women from their actual rights. This consider offers a brief outline of the history of Western women's activist scholarly feedback, examining its subjects and reasons for its consolidation. Emphasizing the chronicled, social, and scholarly foundation that contributed to the rise and advancement of women's activist scholarly feedback as a Western basic development. Combining hypothetical systems with down to earth application, scholarly settings with social activism, may be a key characteristic of women's activist belief system. In other words, composing, inventiveness, and feedback are not fair individual, subjective endeavors, but are instep a political activity an exertion centered on accomplishing social alter.

“Health Care” Thinking Aimed at Protecting Students’ Health as a Pedagogical Necessity

I.B. Mattiev — 2025-01-03

In this article, the current development of educational processes at the world level, including various socio-pedagogical directions and changes, reforms, a large number of movements, their diversity, the rapid development of the educational system, the increasing demand for the quality of the educational system, the need to protect the health of learners in this process , the issue of the implementation of state policy based on the idea of a healthy generation in our country in a step-by-step, planned, targeted and targeted manner was discussed.

Lexico-Semantic Features of Modal Verbs in Fairy Tales (On the Example of English and Uzbek Fairy Tales)

Sanaqulova Mohinur Omonqul qizi — 2025-01-08

This article presents the opinions of our country and foreign scholars on the Lexical-Semantic Features of Modal Verbs in Fairy Tales (on the Example of English and Uzbek Fairy Tales). The topic "Lexico-Semantic Features of Modal Verbs in Fairy Tales (on the Example of English and Uzbek Fairy Tales)" suggests an analytical study of how modal verbs function within the linguistic and cultural contexts of fairy tales in English and Uzbek languages. The topic "Lexico-Semantic Features of Modal Verbs in Fairy Tales (on the Example of English and Uzbek Fairy Tales)" can explore fascinating linguistic phenomena in two rich traditions.

The Role of Reading Literacy and its Impact to Continuous Professional Development

Gulnora Nasirova — 2025-01-08

The article states that English as a Second Language (ESL) learning develops and reinforces four basic language competencies: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. These ESL competencies are linked to spoken and written communication and are organized into three subject-specific competencies. Teachers can help students develop skills in locating, evaluating, organizing, and retaining information from reading. Furthermore, the article provides information on continuous professional development and its role in future teachers’ success.

Issues of Enhancing the Intellectual Potential of Women in New Uzbekistan

Bozorova Ru’zigul Sharofovna — 2025-01-08

The article discusses the issues of enhancing the intellectual potential of women in New Uzbekistan. Today, the movement of women in the process of scientific development and innovative development, increasing their socio-political activity is one of the important tasks in New Uzbekistan. In particular, the fact that women also have a special place in public administration, and the extremely wide range of achievements of women in various fields are pleasing.

Cultural Differences in Storytelling: A Comparative Approach

Baxtigul Karimova — 2025-01-08

Japanese storytelling employs a four-part structure known as Ki-Shō-Ten-Ketsu, which focuses on harmony and subtle narrative shifts. In contrast, Western storytelling follows Freytag’s Pyramid, emphasizing conflict and resolution. A prime example of the Japanese style is My Neighbor Totoro, which highlights everyday moments without dramatic climaxes, whereas the Western approach is exemplified by Harry Potter, where conflict and resolution drive the narrative.

Themes in Japanese storytelling often revolve around harmony, teamwork, and acceptance, subtly teaching moral lessons. Stories like The Crane Wife reflect these values. Meanwhile, Western storytelling emphasizes individual success, bravery, and overcoming challenges, as seen in Spider-Man, where personal growth and responsibility are central.

Audience expectations also differ significantly. Japanese audiences appreciate open-ended stories that encourage introspection, such as Akira Kurosawa’s Rashomon, which leaves the truth ambiguous. In contrast, Western audiences prefer stories with explicit resolutions and clear moral lessons, exemplified by The Lion King, where themes of responsibility and redemption are straightforward.

Blending these distinct storytelling styles has led to innovative narratives. For instance, Avatar: The Last Airbendercombines Japanese themes of harmony with Western conflict-driven resolutions, appealing to diverse audiences while respecting cultural elements.

Ultimately, storytelling reflects cultural values and fosters cross-cultural understanding. Recognizing and appreciating diverse narrative traditions enriches the global storytelling landscape, creating opportunities for empathy and collaboration.

Features of Gothic Literature in “Great Expectations” By Charles Dickens

Safarova Zilola Tolibovna — 2025-01-08

This article explores the features of Gothic literature in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. Gothic literature often includes dark and mysterious settings, strange characters, and themes of fear and suspense. In this novel, Dickens uses eerie places like Satis House and the misty marshes to create an unsettling atmosphere. The characters, such as the mysterious convict Magwitch and the tragic Miss Havisham, reflect Gothic traits of secrecy and emotional extremes. Themes of guilt, isolation, and mystery also play an important role in shaping the story. By mixing Gothic elements with his usual social commentary, Dickens creates a unique narrative that captures both the imagination and the emotions of the reader.

The Development of English Language Skills through Shadowing Exercises

Yokubova Maftuna — 2025-01-08

As the communicative approach to English language teaching gains popularity, many universities and high schools have begun incorporating shadowing into their language programs. Although shadowing is traditionally used in interpreter training, Torikai (1997) highlights its numerous benefits for English language learners. This paper examines the role of shadowing in language acquisition by analyzing an English class in which students practiced shadowing over a period of three months. Following the practice, students completed a questionnaire, and the results showed that over 80% of the students felt their English skills had improved through the exercise and viewed it as an effective tool. Additionally, it helped enhance their motivation and led to more active participation in class. With the growing emphasis on communicative methods in English language teaching, numerous universities and high schools have begun incorporating shadowing into their language curricula. Originally a core technique in interpreter training, shadowing also offers several benefits for English language learners. This article delves into how shadowing can enhance language acquisition, specifically by analyzing an English class in which students engage in this practice.

The Role of English Language in Developing Pedagogical Skills

Samadullayeva Marjona Sherali qizi — 2025-01-10

This article examines the importance of developing pedagogical skills in the process of teaching the English language. English plays a key role not only as a tool for learning the language but also in developing students' communication, expression of ideas, and necessary pedagogical skills in the educational process. The article highlights the impact of the English language on the teaching and learning process in the education system, interactive methods, and ways of creating effective communication among students.

The role of English in developing pedagogical skills is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of the educational process. Through learning the language, students acquire independent thinking, writing, and oral communication skills. The article analyzes methods for developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and active participation in social environments through English language teaching. Interactive activities, group work, and discussions encourage students to engage more actively in learning English. This article explains the role and significance of the English language in the development of pedagogical skills, highlighting the importance of its effective use in the educational system. The methodological and psychological approaches of teaching English help in developing pedagogical skills, enabling students not only to learn the language but also to achieve success in the broader educational system.

Adequate Funding as Panacea for Students’ Loan Programme Implementation and Sustainability in Nigeria

Niyi Jacob Ogunode — 2025-01-10

This paper examines the significance of adequate funding as a panacea for Nigeria’s student loan programme for tertiary education students. As a position paper, it relies on secondary data collected from print and online publications. The paper argues that adequate funding is critical to the effective implementation and sustainability of the student loan programme in Nigerian tertiary institutions. It emphasizes that a well-funded programme would ensure the achievement of its objectives, including equitable access to education for students from low-income backgrounds, efficient loan disbursement processes, and improved administrative capacities. Furthermore, adequate funding would facilitate the recruitment of qualified staff, effective training for loan administrators, and the acquisition of necessary technological tools to enhance service delivery. The discussion highlights that without sufficient financial backing, the programme risks encountering operational bottlenecks, such as delays in loan disbursements, poor loan recovery rates, and diminished trust in its long-term viability. By examining global best practices, the paper underscores that creating special funding sources, such as education bonds or partnerships with financial institutions, could significantly strengthen the programme’s foundation. Additionally, fostering accountability and transparency in fund allocation and utilization is identified as a critical factor for success. The paper concludes that funding plays a pivotal role in determining the overall success of the student loan programme and its ability to transform tertiary education in Nigeria. The study recommends among other things that the Federal Government of Nigeria should prioritize and allocate sufficient funds to the student loan programme to ensure that financial constraints do not hinder its operations and effectiveness.

STEM Success Beyond Borders: The Synergy of Language Education and Engineering Education in the USA

Rohit Bhagwati — 2025-01-10

In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, the demand for engineers who possess not only technical expertise but also linguistic and cultural competencies has become more pronounced. This article, "STEM Success Beyond Borders: The Synergy of Language Education and Engineering Education in the USA," explores the critical intersection of language education and engineering pathways within the United States. While STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education has traditionally focused on technical skills, the integration of language education offers a transformative approach to preparing students for the challenges of a global workforce.

The paper delves into the cognitive, professional, and collaborative advantages afforded by multilingualism in engineering. It examines how language education fosters enhanced problem-solving abilities, creativity, and adaptability—skills that are crucial for addressing complex, real-world engineering problems. Empirical evidence and case studies are presented to illustrate how engineers equipped with language skills excel in international projects, innovation-driven industries, and cross-cultural collaboration.

Furthermore, the article evaluates existing U.S. language education policies and their impact on STEM education, identifying gaps and opportunities for enhancing interdisciplinary curricula. Comparative analyses with international educational models highlight best practices and strategies for fostering a multilingual STEM workforce. The challenges of implementing language education in STEM pathways, including resistance from traditionalists and logistical barriers, are also discussed, alongside actionable recommendations for overcoming these obstacles.

This comprehensive exploration underscores the necessity of integrating language education into engineering programs to prepare students for the demands of a borderless, innovation-driven global economy. By embracing the synergy of language and STEM education, the U.S. can cultivate a new generation of engineers who are not only technically proficient but also capable of thriving in diverse, collaborative, and dynamic environments. This paper calls on educators, policymakers, and industry leaders to champion this interdisciplinary approach, ensuring the success of future engineers in an increasingly interconnected world.

Ways to Form a Reading Culture

Urakova Zilola Salomovna — 2025-01-13

This article talks about the methodology of foreign language teaching, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in the methodology of foreign language teaching and their use. In addition, the training of specialists who can perfectly learn foreign languages and can speak fluently in the foreign language they are learning, the training of personnel who meet the requirements of entering into the culture of the peoples of the world by learning foreign languages is the goal of the educational reform in our country and one of the tasks.

Enhancing Methodologies for Developing Students' Communicative Competencies in English

Ozodakhon Shukurillaeva — 2025-01-17

The development of students' communicative competencies in English has emerged as a key priority in higher education worldwide. This article explores innovative methodologies and practices designed to enhance English language teaching, with a focus on communicative skills. Drawing from contemporary research and practical applications, the article provides insights into theoretical foundations, pedagogical models, and strategies that contribute to effective teaching. The discussion is rooted in the context of Uzbekistan's educational reforms, emphasizing the importance of aligning teaching methods with global standards.

Characteristics of the Manifestation of Gender Stereotypes in Conceptual Metaphors

Bahora Juraxolova — 2025-01-16

This article explores how language, specifically through conceptual metaphors, encodes and reinforces gender stereotypes within society. Conceptual metaphors serve as linguistic devices that shape perceptions of gender by associating specific traits and behaviors with male and female identities. Research indicates that certain metaphorical source domains—such as BUILDING, COMPETITION, and WAR—are perceived as masculine, while others like JOURNEY and PLANT are viewed as feminine.

This dichotomy reflects societal norms and expectations surrounding gender roles.Furthermore, studies reveal that the use of gender metaphors can significantly influence how individuals are perceived in various contexts, such as politics and business. For instance, women who adopt masculine metaphors often face criticism for being overly aggressive, while their male counterparts are not subjected to the same scrutiny.

The implications of these metaphorical associations extend to everyday language, where conventional metaphors perpetuate gender hierarchies and reinforce dominant ideologies regarding masculinity and femininity.

Overall, the examination of gender stereotypes in conceptual metaphors highlights the intricate relationship between language, culture, and social identity, suggesting that metaphors not only reflect but also shape societal attitudes towards gender.

Unveiling the Art of Nicknaming: Exploring Various Ways and Types

Sattarova Dildora Ikramboyevna — 2025-01-17

This article examines the complex practice of nicknaming, a phenomenon in every culture worldwide. It explores the different types of nicknames, including the sociocultural functions they serve, and the various ways by which people create and assign nicknames. The research also delves into the psychological and social implications of nicknaming, considering how names can reflect identity, group membership, and relationships.

National-Cultural Characteristics of Uzbek and English Languages

Sirojova Zarnigor Nasriddinovna — 2025-01-17

This research article delves into the comparative study of the national-cultural characteristics of the Uzbek and English languages, particularly focusing on affectionate expressions. It explores how language encapsulates cultural identity and emotional nuances influenced by historical and socio-cultural contexts. By analyzing linguistic phenomena such as zoonyms, plant metaphors, and food-related terms, the study uncovers universal patterns and cultural distinctions in how affection is expressed. Findings highlight the differences in linguistic practices shaped by typological systems—agglutinative in Uzbek and analytical in English—and their respective cultural paradigms rooted in agricultural and urban-industrial traditions. The research underscores the practical implications for translation, education, and intercultural communication.

Development of Students’ Moral Attitude Based on Axiological Approaches

Pardayev Sobit Abdivali uglu — 2025-01-17

The main content of this article is that the methods of developing moral attitudes based on axiological approaches to students using tools that can fully meet the requirements of today's time are explained in detail.

Pedagogical Possibilities for Teaching Students to Play Musical Instruments in Music Clubs

Djalilov Ergash Kenjayevich — 2025-01-17

The article reveals the content of extracurricular educational and educational work, the development of students' aesthetic thinking through instrumental performance in music circles, the content of meaningful spending of students' free time and pedagogical organization of their work on the basis of various activities. At the same time, the forms and methods of aesthetic education of students through music circle classes are highlighted.

Influence of Late Victorian English Dramaturgy on the Formation of B. Shaw Aesthetics

Jalilova Lola Jalilovna — 2025-01-18

This paper investigates the influence of late Victorian English dramaturgy on Bernard Shaw’s aesthetics, focusing on how the era’s realism, social critique, and moral didacticism shaped his works. Shaw adopted and redefined these elements, transforming drama into a platform for intellectual debate and societal reform. Through an analysis of plays like Mrs. Warren’s Profession and Pygmalion, the study highlights Shaw’s innovative fusion of Victorian traditions with modernist ideals, establishing his legacy as a transformative force in modern theater.

Realistic and Fantastic Elements in the Works of Roald Dahl

Jalilova Lola Jalilovna — 2025-01-18

In most literary works, especially in children's literature, Roald Dahl is well-known for blending fantasy with realism. This article examines how Dahl creates an appealing storyline by contrasting fantastical and unbelievable events with real-life situations, characters, and societal issues. By utilizing a literary analysis, this research paper categorizes and differentiates realism and fantasy in a few of the author's works, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The BFG, and Matilda. According to the findings, Dahl employed the tool of realism to make his novels in a recognizable setting, whereas fantasy was intended to motivate readers and tackle crucial global issues.

The Role and Importance of the Feed Base in Dairy Farms and Little Households

Djuayev Bekzod Bekmatovich — 2025-01-20

In the context of global climate change, it is possible to reduce CH4 gas by intensifying production and using resources efficiently. Also, in order to meet the growing needs of the population, increasing the volume of milk and dairy products, strengthening the feed base in livestock farming is one of the urgent issues. Also, in order to meet the growing needs of the population, increasing the volume of milk and dairy products, strengthening the feed base in livestock farming is one of the urgent issues. It should be noted that considering that 95% of the dairy products produced are consumed by households, one of the main objectives of the article is to study the processes of providing small-scale producers with feed and to develop scientifically based proposals.

The Task of Interlingual Adaptation in Translation Strategies

Nargiza Savrievna Zokirova — 2025-01-20

This article explores the task of interlingual adaptation within the framework of translation strategies. It examines the theoretical foundations of adaptation, the challenges translators encounter, and the methods employed to address these challenges. By analyzing practical examples and case studies, the study aims to shed light on the importance of interlingual adaptation as a fundamental component of effective translation and its implications for intercultural communication in a globalized world.

Language Acquisition Ability of Children Who Experience Speech Delays

Nasimova Nigina Narzullo qizi — 2025-01-21

Language acquisition and learning by children is one of the greatest achievements and successes for humanity. Therefore, a lot of attention is paid to this issue and it is analyzed in depth. Learning and speaking a language is an interdependent process. Fullness of a person, i.e., biological maturity, is manifested through the acquisition of language under the influence of the environment and the correct formation of speech skills in relation to age. However, not all children have the same level, some children have a deficiency in terms of biological development, and this does not affect the level of language acquisition. This problem is very interesting and important in the analysis of changes in language factors of children lagging behind in speech development. The results of the research show that the incorrect and incomplete pronunciation of certain words by the child's speech, contrary to the expected goal, led to attention to additional problems and analyzed the solutions. A child who is behind in speech activity has difficulties in pronouncing words and expressing them, and solving them requires a lot of work.

Postal Service during the Turkestan Governor-General's Period

B. G. Rasulov — 2025-01-20

The article presents information about the state of the postal service during the reign of the Turkestan Governor-General, the establishment of the postal system in the country by the empire and reforms in this area.

The Impact of Overcorrection on Student Confidence in Language Classrooms

Tolibov Maqsud Mashrafovich — 2025-01-21

This article explores the effects of overcorrection in language classrooms on students' confidence. Overcorrection, which involves frequently correcting language errors unnecessarily, can interrupt the natural learning process and lower students' self-esteem and motivation. Through a review of educational theories and practical examples, the article provides insights into fostering a more positive and supportive learning environment. It offers practical tips for educators to balance correcting errors with providing encouragement, creating an atmosphere where students feel confident and empowered to learn from their mistakes.

Improving Speaking Skills: Effective Methods and Techniques

Ilkhomova Shakhribonu — 2025-01-22

Effective speaking skills are essential for personal and professional success in today’s fast-paced, interconnected world. This article explores advanced strategies to enhance verbal communication, focusing on the intricacies of articulation, non-verbal cues, and audience engagement. We delve into the importance of clarity and coherence in speech, emphasizing techniques such as structured argumentation and persuasive rhetoric. Additionally, we examine the role of active listening in fostering meaningful dialogue and building rapport with listeners. The article also highlights the significance of practice and feedback in refining speaking abilities, offering practical exercises and resources for continuous improvement. By integrating these advanced methodologies, individuals can elevate their speaking proficiency, ultimately leading to more impactful interactions and presentations in diverse contexts.

Value-Based Education-A Study of Ancient Indian Education System

Mr. Akshay Nain — 2025-01-22

Since ancient times, travelers from various regions have visited various parts of India, in pursuit of migration, trade, and invasion. India was a land of resources to them, with its famous Indian culture, capital, religious faiths, belief systems, art, architectural style, academic practices as well as a plethora of natural resources and climatic conditions spreading all over. Absorbing the traits of well-managed, self-confidence and enormous values will assist every individual in earning a remarkable place in society. Education without values is akin to beauty without virtue, which is like a flower without fragrance or a body without a soul.

Society should recognize that developing one's moral character is just as important as developing one's career. In life, a moral character is an ultimate thing that bridges a person's self-realization. The ancient Indian education system was regarded as a repository of awareness, customs, and practices that directed and inspired humanity. Value-based education helps students by preparing them to face the world with the right values and attitudes. With the help of this process, students' overall personality development is possible. As a result, scholars exposed to a value-based education system develop character, personality, citizenship, and spirituality. In this review article, an attempt has been made to draw attention towards the prevailing value-based education system in ancient India, with the help of a critical literature review by following the PRISM approach. The findings not only suggest but also recommend the value-based education system for inclusion in education policies so that value-based systems can help for holistic development of our future generations and make a peaceful and sustainable society.

Analysis of Grammatical Categories in "Favaid Al-Ziyaiya"

Axror Abduraxmonov — 2025-01-22

This article examines the presentation of grammatical categories in "Favaid al-Ziyaiya," a significant 15th-century work by Abdurrahman Jami. The study analyzes the interpretation of grammatical concepts, their linguistic analysis, methods of classifying grammatical categories, and their scientific characteristics in the work.

Management Transformation of Women Leaders in Management

Rasulkhozhaeva Madina Akhmadjonovna — 2025-01-22

The management system in society has been in a process of constant change and improvement. In this process, the personal qualities and leadership skills of individuals performing leadership functions are of great importance. In the modern world, women leaders play a major role in shaping transformations in the economic, social and cultural spheres of society. This article analyzes the contribution of women leaders to the management system, their specifics and important aspects in managing transformation processes.

Parental Cooperation in the Technology of Using Folk Proverbs in the Formation of Speech Culture in Preschool Children

Rasulkhujayeva Madina Akhmadjonovna — 2025-01-22

The article deals with the issues of parent cooperation in the technology of using folk proverbs in the formation of speech culture in preschool children.

Scientific and Methodological Foundations of Primary Education Methodology

Hamzayeva Y. Z. — 2025-01-22

The effectiveness of education in primary grades depends on compliance with the principles of education and the correct selection of educational methods and techniques, as well as their correct application in practice. Method (Greek) – means “method” and is a set of methods for performing a specific task, practical or theoretical mastery (knowledge) of existence, serving to achieve a specific goal. The pedagogical meaning of the concept of method is to equip with knowledge, skills, and qualifications and apply them in practice.

Building a Safety Corner and Teaching Students to Use it

Kholmatova Guzal Islamovna — 2025-01-22

This article provides information about safety rules in each classroom of the school, the presence of a safety corner where materials with information on water, basic emergency services are placed in case of a fire, electricity to elementary students, everything that it allows us, and interesting ways to teach us about risks.

Teaching Students to Understand and Understand Learning Texts

Shakhmuradova Diljakhon Almardanovna — 2025-01-22

The article focuses on the use of PIRLS International Assessment Program requirements in teaching primary school students to understand and understand instructional texts, showing the content of PIRLS international study and ways to teach PIRLS to work on text based on the requirements of the International Assessment Study.

Peculiarities of Scientific Texts and Translation of Terms

Laylo Khaydarova — 2025-01-22

This article covers the essential aspects of scientific texts and the translation of terms. It discusses common challenges and provides examples from different scientific fields. This abstract investigates the distinctive linguistic features of scientific texts, including their dense terminology, formal style, and precise use of language. It explores the inherent challenges in translating these texts, focusing on the difficulties posed by the translation of technical terms, including neologisms, ambiguous terms, and culturally specific concepts. The abstract further examines various translation strategies employed to overcome these challenges, considering the balance between accuracy, clarity, and cultural appropriateness within the target audience.

Universal and Specific Symbolic Meanings of the Lexeme Water in English, Uzbek and Russian Linguacultures

Yusupov Azamat Safaraliyevich — 2025-01-22

The present scientific article investigates phraseological units containing the lexeme «water» within English, Uzbek and Russian linguacultures, highlighting both similarities and differences in their usage and cultural significance. Phraseological units, or idiomatic expressions, often reflect the values, beliefs, and practices of a culture, making them a rich area for linguistic and cultural study. The research investigates a variety of phrases across the languages, analyzing their meanings, contexts, as well as the metaphorical implications of water as a natural element.

The Impоrtаnce of Wоrking With Pictures in Increаsing Students' Vоcаbulаry

Dilfuzа Shаdievа — 2025-01-22

Vоcаbulаry is the cоrnerstоne оf lаnguаge аcquisitiоn, serving аs the fоundаtiоn fоr listening, speаking, reаding, аnd writing skills. Fоr English аs а Fоreign Lаnguаge (EFL) leаrners, develоping а rich vоcаbulаry cаn significаntly enhаnce their cоmmunicаtiоn аnd cоmprehensiоn аbilities. Hоwever, trаditiоnаl rоte memоrizаtiоn techniques оften fаil tо engаge students оr fоster lоng-term retentiоn. Incоrpоrаting visuаl аids, pаrticulаrly pictures, hаs been recоgnized аs аn effective аpprоаch tо vоcаbulаry instructiоn. This аrticle explоres the significаnce оf using pictures tо expаnd students' vоcаbulаry, drаwing оn theоreticаl insights аnd prаcticаl аpplicаtiоns.

The Role of Proverbs and Idioms in English Culture

Gadoeva Mavlyuda Ibragimovna — 2025-01-22

This thesis explores the cultural, linguistic, and social significance of proverbs and idioms in English-speaking communities. Proverbs and idioms, as essential components of language, reflect cultural heritage, societal values, and shared wisdom. By analyzing their origins, linguistic features, and usage in literature and media, this study highlights how these expressions shape communication, foster cultural identity, and preserve historical traditions. The research also examines the role of proverbs and idioms in language learning and translation, revealing their complexities and universal appeal.

Metaphor as a Means of Expressing the Cultural Characteristics of the Text

Nuritdinova Dilnoza Abdumalikovna — 2025-01-22

This article is devoted to the study of the importance of metaphor as a means of expressing the cultural characteristics of the text. Metaphors not only enrich the content of the text, but also convey to the reader information about national culture, values and worldview. The article analyzes various texts and identifies the linguistic and cultural and semantic features of metaphors. Metaphors act as a bridge in understanding cultural differences and developing intercultural communication. The results of the research show that metaphors are an important tool that reveals the integral connection between language and culture.

Linguocultural Analysis of Phraseological Units with Onomastic Components

Djalilova Zarnigor Obidovna — 2025-01-22

This article delves into the linguistic and cultural analysis of phraseological units (PUs) with onomastic components, focusing on their role in reflecting the national mentality and cultural identity of the English, Russian, and Uzbek languages. The research emphasizes the significant role of onomastics in shaping phraseological expressions, which carry not only linguistic but also historical, cultural, and social meanings. The study outlines various linguistic theories and methodologies, including comparative analysis, to examine how onomastic elements in phraseological units express national characteristics, historical events, and cultural values. It investigates the formation, meaning, and cultural significance of these expressions in different languages and highlights how they contribute to the development of language and culture. The research is rooted in a cross-linguistic approach, providing insights into the comparative study of onomastic phraseology in the aforementioned languages.

The Role of Politeness Strategies in Psychotherapy Evidence from Client-Therapist Interactions

Sama Adnan Naji — 2025-01-23

This paper explores the usage of politeness strategies in psychotherapy sessions and their importance in establishing rapport and trust between therapists and clients. Based on a series of recorded and transcribed therapy sessions, this research uses qualitative analysis based on Brown and Levinson's (1978) politeness theory. It looks at how therapists negotiate face-threatening acts while maintaining empathetic and supportive interactions. It points out that the highest-ranking positive politeness strategies employed by therapists tend toward emphasis of solidarity and the establishment of a view by the client, whereas on the other hand, the most commanding negative ones involve hedging and making indirect requests for the need to not impose on a client's freedom. These may differ across therapy settings, different phases, or with respect to a client's condition. The study also showed that the linguistic choices importantly impact the development of therapeutic relationships and stressed the necessity of pragmatic competence in the clinical setting. This paper discusses implications for therapist training, the need for further research into cross-cultural differences in politeness strategies.

TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN NON-TRADITIONAL WAYS.

Shodikulova Aziza Zikiryayevna — 2025-01-21

this article will talk about the fact that the use of unconventional methods in the study of
foreign languages is an important means of language learning, these methods provide new
opportunities for teaching foreign languages

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Iraqi Identity after 2003 in Media

Sarah Satar Abdulhusein — 2025-01-24

The critical discourse analysis of the discourses on Iraqi identity in media representations since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, a period of deep sociopolitical turmoil and transformation, is the subject of this research. The problem, therefore, deals with the construction and reflection of media narratives about Iraqi identity within continuing conflict, sectarian strife, and foreign intervention. The first and primary objective is to see the ways these narratives have constructed, contested, and negotiated Iraqi identity over the last two decades regarding nationalism, sectarianism, and globalization. Based on a corpus of articles from established local and international newspapers, online news sites, besides social media platforms, the study analyses the linguistic usages, framing, and strategies of representation taken up with Iraqis and their experiences. The analysis is informed by Fairclough's three-dimensional model of discourse analysis, in which text, discursive practices, and sociocultural contexts are analyzed. The key findings demonstrate how media discourse continuously shifts between constructing Iraqis as victims of violence and as strong agents of their own destiny, in a complex interplay of victimhood and agency. This also underlines huge tension between national identity and sectarian narratives within media discourse, which often underlines divisions at the same time as it calls for unity. Overall, these results emphasize the great importance of media in framing public views on Iraqi identity and point to the need for more nuanced representations that go beyond simplistic binary oppositions. This paper contributes to the broader discussion on identity formation in the conflict zone by animating critical media literacy as a means of understanding the potentials of representation regarding collective identity.

Improving the Methodology of using General and Special Training Tools to Increase the Physical Fitness of Weightlifters

Qaraboyev Fazliddin Fakhriddinovich — 2025-01-24

This study develops a new version of general and special training tools and methods to improve the physical fitness of weightlifters. In order to improve the fitness of athletes, general training exercises are used to increase physical qualities such as strength, endurance, speed and flexibility and to work on them, to train them in the necessary skills for competition techniques and physical exercises. According to the nature and direction of the effects of the tools used, physical training is divided into general physical training (GPT) and special physical training (SPPT). The aim of developing this methodology is to improve the results of weightlifters in sports competitions in two wrestling events.

Teaching and Learning a Language as a Foreign Language

A. Kh. Aripova — 2025-01-24

Nowadays, language learning in any form (via social networks, courses, training, with the help of a teacher, audiovisual, etc.) is open to many people, and the offers are more and more consumer-oriented. There are various methods of quickly and effectively teaching and learning the language as a foreign language. Of all the methods of teaching and learning the language as a foreign language, it has always been used on a large scale, and it is aimed at meeting the needs of the respondents who are learning the language in the process of mastering the language as a foreign language. The uniqueness of language learning methods is directly related to individual and group psychology.

Designing and shaping lessons that develop students' mathematical abilities

Usanov Kamoliddin Kholboevich — 2025-01-24

Designing and shaping lessons that develop students' mathematical abilities is a complex and
multifaceted process that requires a deep understanding of both the theoretical foundations of pedagogy and
the specifics of mathematical thinking. In the conditions of modern educational space, where the emphasis is
shifting towards the development of critical thinking, creativity and the ability to solve problems independently,
the creation of such training programmers that not only impart knowledge, but also stimulate the intellectual
growth of students is of particular importance.

Theoretical foundations for the development of students' mathematical abilities

Usanov Kamoliddin Kholboevich — 2025-01-24

The theoretical foundations for developing students' mathematical abilities represent a comprehensive
approach that combines psychological, pedagogical and methodological aspects. Mathematical abilities, as
one of the key components of cognitive development, are formed under the influence of many factors,
including individual personality traits, motivation level, and the quality of the educational environment

TRAINING TOUR GUIDES AND TRANSLATORS USING AUTHENTIC VIDEO MATERIALS

Khasanova Dildora Shukhratovna — 2025-01-20

This article explores the methodology of training tour guides and translators through the use of authentic video materials. The relevance of this study is underscored by the growing demands for quality services in the tourism industry and the necessity for enhancing the professional skills of translators in the context of globalization. The article analyzes the advantages of using video as an educational resource, describes various types of authentic materials, and their impact on the development of linguistic and cultural competencies among students. Furthermore, it discusses successful practices of integrating video into the educational process and provides recommendations for creating effective training programs. In conclusion, the article summarizes the findings and outlines prospects for further research in this area.

DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF PROMOTING NATIONAL WRESTLING AMONG WOMEN IN THE MODERN ERA

Arslanov Q.P — 2025-01-20

This article explores national wrestling as a comprehensive activity aimed
at preserving, protecting, and advancing the culture and values of one’s nation. It
emphasizes the importance of promoting national wrestling among women,
particularly in the contemporary world, where women play a vital role as key builders
of society. The discussion includes strategies for shaping and developing national
wrestling while addressing the opportunities and challenges faced by women in this
endeavor.

DIACHRONY OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING TERMS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аzimova Dildora Maxmudjonovna — 2025-01-20

In this article, we will consider the origin of the field of accounting and
auditing in English and Uzbek, as well as the history of accounting terms, the opinions
of scientists, and the etymology of this field.

Linguopoetic analysis of John Steinbeck’s novels

Ismoilova Diloromxon Rustamjon qizi — 2025-01-20

Linguopoetics deals with the poetic meaning of words and phrases in the
literary works. It focuses on stylistic devices and expressive means utilized by the
writer. The author analyzed the linguopoetical features of John Steinbeck’s novels and
identified the typical features of the writer. The examples extracted from the novel
played an important role in proving the theoretical findings of the author.

STRUCTURE AND FEATURES OF USER PROFILE IN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Matkarimov Jasurbek Abdumannobovich — 2025-01-20

In digital technologies, a user profile is a virtual section that allows users
to manage their personal information, usage history, and settings. It is widely used in
educational platforms to individualize the learning process and enhance its efficiency.
The structure of a user profile typically includes a login module, a control panel,
personal information, security settings, and service statistics. These elements enable
users to use services securely and conveniently, as well as customize settings according to their preferences.

INDEPENDENT EDUCATION IS THE MAIN FACTOR OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Khaitova Shakhnoza Daniyarovna — 2025-01-20

It is essential to take a separate approach to the organization of independent
learning activities of students, where the individual approach is often carried out on a
selective basis through the content of the proposed tasks. In this article, the author
discusses how to increase the effectiveness of education through the independent
learning of students in higher education today, the development of their cognitive
abilities.

Integrating Corpus-Based Linguistics into Secondary School English Language Teaching: A Study Using Sketch Engine for Language Learning (SKELL)

Dilnoza Boymirzayeva — 2025-01-10

This article analyzes the multifaceted importance of corpus-based linguistics in English language education, focusing on its crucial function in fostering authentic language use, facilitating research-based teaching methodologies, and increasing students' linguistic competence across registers and contexts. Through an exhaustive review of current literature and empirical evidence, this paper highlights the transformative influence of corpus-based approaches on language learning, vocabulary development, error analysis, and research skill advancement. This study explores the integration of corpus-based linguistics into secondary school English language teaching, focusing on the use of Sketch Engine for Language Learning (SKELL) as a tool for improving vocabulary acquisition, writing skills, and overall language proficiency. The study examines how the corpus-based approach, grounded in real-world language data, enhances learner engagement, promotes autonomous learning, and supports the development of critical thinking and creativity. The research was conducted with a group of secondary school students, revealing that SKELL's user-friendly interface, authentic language examples, and multilingual support provide significant advantages in language learning. The results suggest that incorporating SKELL into English language teaching can effectively address common challenges faced by adolescent learners, such as vocabulary retention and usage, while fostering a deeper understanding of language through context.

The Role of the Interrogative Model in Teaching English via the Communicative Approach

Normamatova Dilfuza Turdikulovna — 2025-01-28

This article provides an in-depth analysis of how the interrogative model can support and enhance the communicative approach in teaching English. The effective teaching of English as a second language (ESL) has increasingly emphasized communicative competence, which involves not only the mastery of grammatical rules but also the ability to use language effectively in real-life situations. This article explores the role of the interrogative model in enhancing language learning within the framework of the communicative approach. The interrogative model, based on the strategic use of questions, fosters active student participation, critical thinking, and deeper understanding. In conjunction with the communicative approach, this model enhances students’ language proficiency by encouraging interactive, real-world communication and problem-solving

Different Techniques of Improving Teaching Foreign Languages

Kipchakova Sanobar — 2025-01-28

This article provides information about the methods of teaching foreign languages and the role of a teacher in teaching language learners in groups. It also gives some tips for the improvement of educational process.

Specific Features of Translating Phraseological Units in Prose

Muqaddas Oqmamatova Farxodovna — 2025-01-28

This article examines the distinctive component features of the phraseological units used in Abdulla Qodiriy's novel "O’tkan kunlar", their role in artistic expression, and the issues related to the translation of these linguistic units into English.

Benefits and Challenges of using Authentic Texts, Audio, And Video Materials to Enhance Language Learning

Yazdankulova Gulnigor Muzaffarovna — 2025-01-28

This paper explores the use of authentic materials—texts, audio, and video—in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Authentic materials, defined as content originally created for native speakers, are often hailed for their potential to offer realistic language exposure and cultural insights. However, their integration into EFL classrooms raises both benefits and challenges. This article examines the advantages of using authentic materials in terms of linguistic skills development, motivation, and cultural understanding, while also addressing the challenges that teachers and learners face when employing such materials. Finally, recommendations for effective implementation are provided.

Improving B1 Level English Learners' Writing Skills

Zarnigor Djalilova Bakhodirovna — 2025-01-28

This study explores effective pedagogical approaches to enhancing the writing skills of English Language Learners (ELLs) at the B1 level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). While B1 learners can communicate in simple terms, they often struggle with the complexities of academic writing, facing challenges such as grammatical inaccuracies, limited vocabulary, sentence construction issues, and weak organizational skills. These obstacles hinder clarity and coherence in their written work. However, with targeted instruction, relevant learning materials, and learner-centered teaching strategies, substantial improvement is achievable. This paper reviews research on best practices for addressing these difficulties, including explicit grammar instruction, vocabulary expansion techniques, structured writing frameworks, and scaffolding methods. By implementing these approaches, educators can support B1 learners in developing greater accuracy, coherence, and overall writing proficiency.

In the Story "Garden Party" Through Agoronym Analysis of the Image of Society

Hikmatova Nigina Akmalovna — 2025-01-28

The Garden Party is one of Katherine Mansfield's most famous short stories, masterfully exploring themes such as human emotions, social stratification, and the importance of appearance through the simple moments of life. The main character of the story, Laura, is preparing to organize a lavish party with her partners, but in the process, she thinks more deeply about the differences between different layers of society.

In the course of the article, through this story, how the author expressed the contradictions between the inner world and external conditions, and how important qualities such as humanity and sincerity are. It also speaks to Mansfield's unique style and skill in detailing the story's relevance for modern readers.