Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals Toward Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kirkuk, Iraq

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare systems worldwide, offering promising solutions for diagnostics, treatment planning, and administrative efficiency. However, the successful adoption of AI tools depends largely on healthcare professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), especially in developing countries like Iraq. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals in Kirkuk city, Iraq, regarding the use of AI in clinical settings. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 34 healthcare professionals using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. The instrument covered demographics, knowledge, attitudes (Likert-scale), and practice patterns related to AI. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and descriptive and comparative statistics were applied. The majority of participants demonstrated moderate knowledge about AI, with 64.7% correctly defining it and 55.9% reporting prior exposure through articles or lectures. Attitudes were generally positive; 70.6% strongly supported physician-supervised AI use, and 79.4% expressed interest in training. However, only 38.2% were aware of AI tools in their workplace, and 23.5% reported regular use. The most cited barriers were lack of training (23.5%) and unclear regulations (17.6%). While healthcare professionals in Kirkuk exhibit strong interest and positive attitudes toward AI, their practical use remains limited. There is an urgent need for structured AI training programs, national implementation guidelines, and increased institutional support to bridge the gap between readiness and real-world application.