American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences (2993-2149)

Optimization of Prevention of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnant Women

2024-11-08T04:28:37-05:00

Discrete plasmapheresis was performed as follows: blood transfusion was performed by puncturing the ulnar vein in plastic bottles "Hemakon 500/300". After thorough mixing, the blood was placed in a Bechman refrigerated centrifuge and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 6 minutes at 22°C. The plasma separated from the cell mass was removed using a plasma extractor. The remaining cells were diluted with 150 ml of saline and re-infused into the patient. During one session, 1-2 blood samples were taken, depending on the patient's condition, the patient's weight and the tolerance of the procedure. Plasma exfusion was carried out from 25-30% of the circulating plasma volume. Plasma replacement was performed with hydroxyethyl starch (HES 6%) preparations, crystalloid solutions in a ratio of 2:1 to the removed plasma. Administration of hyperoncotic albumin solution was performed when the albumin content in the blood was below 30 g/l. All patients were prescribed a high-protein diet. Stabilization of the blood was carried out with 100 ml of glucagon solution in each double bag. All patients were heparinized at 50 U/kg of patient weight. The treatment course consists of an average of 3-4 PA sessions with an interval of 2-4 days, depending on the clinical and laboratory parameters describing the patient's condition, laboratory parameters, etc. The average number of courses per pregnant woman was 3.6±0.7 per pregnancy. Hematological, hemostatological and biochemical indicators were determined in all patients to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOPLASTY IN PRIMARY PTERYGIUMECTOMY USING BIOGLUE

2024-11-08T23:27:15-05:00

Pterygium is an abnormal growth of the conjunctiva on the cornea that can cause significant visual impairment and aesthetic discomfort [6]. Traditional surgical treatment methods, such as pterygiumectomy with graft fixation using sutures, are accompanied by a long healing process, pain, and the risk of relapse [2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10]. The use of bioglue as an alternative to suture methods can reduce these risks, accelerate rehabilitation, and improve surgical results [1, 7, 11]. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bioglue in autoplasty after pterygiumectomy.

Comparative Evaluation of Complex Treatment of Peri-Implantitis According to Cytological Studies

2024-11-11T04:10:22-05:00

The study involved 66 patients who underwent dental implantation. In the main group, local ozone therapy was included in the complex treatment. A cytological study of neutrophilic leukocytes and epithelial cells in saliva was performed. It was noted that in the main group after ozone therapy, the content of neutrophilic leukocytes and epithelial cells in saliva sharply decreased, approaching normal levels.

Morphological Examination of the Placenta in Multiple Pregnancies Depending on the Type of Placentation

2024-11-12T00:18:41-05:00

The morphology of the placenta is very important in both singleton and multiple pregnancies. Determination of chorionicity, amniogenicity and identification of placental anomalies are key issues for the adequate management of multiple pregnancies. Placentas in dichorionic pregnancies were characterized by a higher incidence of maternal vascular lesions, whereas in monochorionic twins, the incidence of fetal vascular malperfusion and anomaly of umbilical cord attachment is high. Our analysis showed the percentage of occurrence of membrane attachment in monochorionic twins was 20.6%, and in dichorionic twins it was 10.2%. This results in unequal distribution of placental territory, which in turn can cause fetal growth discordance. Examination of the placenta after delivery can help evaluate the presence of placental and umbilical cord abnormalities, as well as provide with an information about chorion and imagination potential disease mechanisms affecting twin pregnancies.

OPTIMIZING THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DUANE SYNDROME

2024-11-12T02:09:24-05:00

Duane syndrome is a rare anomaly in the development of the extraocular
muscles, manifested by limited mobility of the eyeball, especially to the sides, and accompanied
by various visual impairments [5, 9]. This pathology is of great importance in ophthalmology, as
it can significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, including due to the development of
strabismus [3, 7] and retraction of the eyeball [1, 2, 6, 8]. In Uzbekistan, data on the prevalence
and clinical characteristics of Duane syndrome remain insufficient [4]. Therefore, improving
diagnostic and treatment methods for this syndrome is an urgent task for medical practice

CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF SCHWANNOMA OF THE AUDITORY NERVE

2024-11-12T04:31:02-05:00

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) (acoustic neuroma, neurolemmoma) is a
predominantly slow-growing benign neoplasm. As a rule, VS develops from the cells of the
superior vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve at the junction of the “central” and
“peripheral” types of myelin (Obersteiner-Redlich zone), located at a distance of 8-12 mm from
the place where its root exits the brainstem, near the entrance to the internal auditory canal. In 5%
of cases, tumors of this type grow from the cochlear part of the nerve [1]. VS account for
approximately 8-10% of all primary intracranial tumors, 80-90% of tumors of the
cerebellopontine angle [2]. The incidence of VS is 1 per 100,000 population per year [3]. Some
authors note the prevalence of asymptomatic clinical forms, the frequency of which is about 7
per 10,000 population [4]

Varicocele: Acute Complications of a Chronic Disease

2024-11-12T21:09:52-05:00

Depending on the degree of varicocele, treatment can be conservative or operative. If severe pain occurs as a result of thrombosis, phlebitis and rupture of the pampiniform plexus veins with the formation of a scrotal hematoma, surgical intervention must be performed urgently. Sometimes, with technical errors during surgery for iatrogenic varicocele (ligation or transection of the ureter, failure of ligatures on the vein stump), patients need emergency help. In case of urgent complications of varicocele due to its late diagnosis, patients also need emergency or urgent surgical care. These aspects of the problem in the urological literature are poorly covered and, therefore, practical urologists are almost not aware of them, therefore they are almost never diagnosed or under the auspices of other emergency testicular diseases (acute orchitis, epididymitis, testicular torsion, acute scrotum).

Correct Selection and Effectiveness Assessment of Main Anthypertensive Medicines for Patients Diagnosed with Arterial Hypertension in Ambulatory Conditions

2024-11-12T21:13:51-05:00

Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) is one of the most common chronic diseases and, if uncontrolled, can lead to very serious complications. The risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, hypertensive retinopathy, and hypertensive nephropathy increases as a result of this condition [1-3,10]. Hypertension is often called a "silent killer" because clinical symptoms are frequently mild or even absent. This makes the condition particularly dangerous, as it can progress unnoticed and only be detected after complications arise [4,5,11,12].

A Retrospective Study on Iraqi Patients to Explore the Impact of Cesarean Section on Women's and Fetal Health

2024-11-12T21:16:37-05:00

Nowadays, one of the most prevalent maternal procedures is caesarean sections. All medical and non-medical causes are contributing to the rising number of cesarean deliveries. The purpose for this study was to look at how a cesarean section affects the health in the fetus and mother. Eighty-three pregnant women, aged 20 to 40, who had caesarean sections and were hospitalized to different hospitals in Iraq among February of 2023 and January 2024, were the subjects of retrospective research. For the six earlier investigations, maternal as well as fetal outcomes were collected.

Additionally, a multivariate evaluation was conducted to compare the current study with the previously stated investigations. The findings showed that 80% of the sample, or the bulk of women who had caesarean sections, were between the ages of 20 and 30. Furthermore, 4% of pregnancies were twins, whereas 96% for pregnancies were singletons. 6.02% of women were at danger of dying, while the maternal death rate was 2.41%. 36.14% of newborns needed to be admitted to the neonatal critical care unit, while the fetal fatality rate was 9.64%. Additionally, 66.27% of newborns weighed below 2,500 grams. According to the current study, in situations involving medical emergencies such as placental abruption and fetal distress, a caesarean section is regarded as a life-saving surgical treatment.

Post-Transplant Treatment in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review

2024-11-12T21:20:26-05:00

Liver cirrhosis, characterized by progressive liver damage and fibrosis, frequently culminates in liver failure, often necessitating liver transplantation as the only curative treatment. Following transplantation, the post-transplant period plays a crucial role in ensuring patient survival and graft function. This article reviews post-transplant care for liver cirrhosis patients, focusing on immunosuppressive therapy, prevention of infections, management of graft rejection, and treatment of long-term complications such as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. While immunosuppressive therapy has dramatically improved graft survival, it presents challenges such as nephrotoxicity and an increased risk of infection. Moreover, long-term issues like graft fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, and post-transplant malignancies pose ongoing risks. This review also highlights the importance of personalized treatment regimens based on patient characteristics and explores recent advances in immunosuppressive agents, infection prophylaxis, and the management of long-term complications. The article concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need to improve treatment strategies and optimize patient outcomes.

New Methods for Improving the Preservation of Donor Organs and Transplantation Outcomes

2024-11-15T23:31:43-05:00

Organ transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage organ failure, but the preservation of donor organs remains a significant challenge that impacts transplantation success. This study explores novel organ preservation techniques, including normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP), and ex vivo organ culture, to assess their effects on organ viability and transplantation outcomes. Using a multicenter, experimental approach, we evaluated kidney, liver, and heart transplants from brain-dead donors, comparing traditional cold storage with advanced preservation methods. The results demonstrated that NMP and HMP provided superior outcomes in organ viability, reducing ischemic injury and enhancing post-transplant function. However, variability in organ response and the lack of standardized protocols remain critical challenges. The findings suggest that further research is needed to refine preservation strategies, optimize individualized approaches based on donor factors, and investigate the long-term impact on graft survival and rejection. The integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, holds promise in revolutionizing organ preservation methods.

Prevention of Rickets: The Right Way to Eliminate the Disease

2024-11-16T00:59:25-05:00

There were 466 children under observation, aged from 1 to 12 months, the children were considered practically healthy and did not receive vitamin D within a month before blood sampling. The level of vitamin 25(OH)D3 less than 30 mmol/l was considered an existing biochemical deficiency. Despite the traditional prevention of rickets, 27.8% had mild and moderate severity, while 72.1% had no clinical signs of rickets. In 86.1% of children with rickets, a low level of 25(OH)D3 in the blood serum was detected. Thus, after the modified prevention of rickets, only in 9.2% of the examined children with signs of rickets, did the level of 25(OH)D3 remain low, while in 90.7% it returned to normal. At the same time, in children without signs of rickets, 14.3% had a low content of 25(OH)D3 in the blood serum, and in 85.7% of children, the level returned to normal. As a result, the correct administration of vitamin D makes it possible to reduce severe forms of rickets and improve the psychomotor development of the child.

Treatment of Children with Consequences of Perinatal Nervous System Damage

2024-11-16T01:38:45-05:00

Magnesium is the second most important intracellular element in the body. About 20% of magnesium is in muscle tissue, the remaining 20% is in the blood and other tissues of the body. 93 children of the first year of life were examined, who had manifestations of consequences of perinatal damage to the nervous system against the background of the underlying disease. Magne B-6 was administered orally once a day at a dose of 6-8 mg / kg of body weight. The criterion of effectiveness was the clinical improvement of the condition of patients, reduction of intracranial hypertension, improvement of sleep, acceleration of the pace of psychomotor development.

Status of Newborns with Perinatal Central Nervous System Lesions

2024-11-18T04:05:28-05:00

According to United Nations estimates, disabled people make up 10% of the world's population, which causes a number of moral, social and economic problems, the level of their resolution is one of the most important features of modern society. Among childhood disabilities, diseases of the nervous system - 19.5%, mental diseases - 14.3% and congenital anomalies - 21% prevail. In 60% of cases, neurological disability in childhood is associated with the pathology of the perinatal period, while 24% are patients with cerebral palsy. Every third child in the Russian Federation has various neuropsychic diseases, 80% of which are caused by perinatal factors, which determines the high social importance of this problem.

Perinatal lesions of the nervous system represent a large group of pathological conditions combined with the time of negative impact on the fetus and newborn. The perinatal period begins from the 22nd full week of intrauterine life of the fetus and ends 7 days after birth. Intranatal - the period during childbirth. Neonatal - includes 28 days after birth. Embryo - from the time of conception to 10 weeks. Embryopathy is a defect between the 16th day after fertilization and the end of the 10th week of pregnancy. Fetopathy - damage from 11 weeks to the end of birth. (Professor EV Shnitkova. 2022).

Organization and Principles of a Specialized Kindergarten for the Treatment of Strabismus and Amblyopia in Young Children with Vision Impairments

2024-11-18T04:50:36-05:00

This article explores the morphological and functional factors leading to comitant strabismus and outlines measures for its prevention and conservative treatment. It highlights the establishment of specialized kindergartens in the former Soviet Union and Uzbekistan, focusing on their success in treating children with vision impairments. These kindergartens, pioneered by scientists like Professor T.P. Kashchenko and Associate Professor A.Kh. Sharapova, combined therapeutic exercises, advanced ophthalmologic tools, and innovative methodologies to restore binocular vision and improve visual health in children. The article also emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for visual disorders like amblyopia, myopia, and strabismus, presenting these facilities as effective solutions for fostering children’s overall development.

Biological Rhythm Disorders and Their Prevention

2024-11-18T04:52:40-05:00

Biorhythms (from the Greek "bios" and "rytmos" - life and coherence) are periodic changes in the intensity of physiological and mental processes over a certain period of time. Biorhythms are inherent in all living things on Earth and are a prerequisite for ensuring normal life in unison with the main rhythms of nature, caused by the rotation of the Earth around the Sun and the Stars, and the associated changes in the seasons, day and night, the influence of the phases of the Moon, sea tides, etc.Good health and a high level of human performance depend on the synchronization of the body's vital functions, i.e. the ability of the central nervous system to ensure the interaction of various periodic functions of the body and the coincidence in time of the body's rhythm with the rhythm of the environment.Thus, it has been established that the heart rate and breathing rhythm in a healthy person have a ratio of 4:1. Moreover, changes in this ratio indicate a disruption of certain connections in the body and allow us to draw a conclusion about possible disruptions in its functions and even about the appearance of disruptions in health.

Improving Pregnancy Tactics at Risk of Premature Birth

2024-11-18T04:54:43-05:00

There is no clear understanding of which microbes are normal for the human microbiome [1]. The Human Microbiome Project (IMP) has done a lot of research to define the concept of a microbiome that is considered normal for humans, and the concept of "Normal Microbiome" is every concluded that it is individual for one organism [2]. Sub-Saharan Africa faces serious challenges in maternal and infant health. In 2017, 66% of all maternal deaths worldwide occurred in sub-Saharan Africa [33], and in 2020 there were 50 infant deaths per 1,000 live births [34]. Many of these adverse birth outcomes are caused by preventable or treatable infectious diseases. HIV accounts for 24–50% of pregnancy-related deaths in high-prevalence areas and is the leading cause of death among cisgender women of reproductive age [3, 4]. The risk of HIV infection increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which increases the risk of vertical transmission [5]. Pregnancy is a normal physiological state that affects the composition of the vaginal microbiome. During pregnancy, there is a gradual increase in lactobacillus species (including L. iners) and a decrease in microbial diversity, followed by a rapid increase in the diversity and anaerobic species in the postpartum period [6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11]. This is mediated by estrogen, which promotes the accumulation of glycogen in the vaginal epithelium and supports the growth of lactobacilli [11, 12]. Given the relationship between Lactobacillus abundance and an optimal microbiome, studies have shown that pregnancy induces favorable changes in the microbiome to prevent maternal genital infections and adverse birth outcomes [7]. In contrast, there is a rapid increase in bacterial diversity during the postpartum period [10, 11]. Premature birth is more than 10% worldwide. There are significant disparities in the frequency of preterm birth between countries' populations. Worldwide, approximately 15 million pregnancies occur at less than 37 weeks of gestation each year [13]. Preterm birth (PB) remains the second most common cause of neonatal death worldwide and the most common cause of infant mortality in middle- and high-income countries [14]. The consequences of PB persist from early childhood through adolescence and adulthood [15,16].

ON THE ISSUE OF THE FREQUENCY OF SPINAL CORD TUMORS

2024-11-19T04:03:55-05:00

The incidence of spinal cord tumors increases to 3-4% due to improved
diagnostics and increased patient referrals to neurosurgical hospitals. The ratio of
spinal cord and brain tumors is 1:9. Spinal cord tumors most often occur at the age
of 30-40 years.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MODERN METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN A MODERN INTERPRETATION

2024-11-19T06:28:15-05:00

Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the main causes of death in many countries of the world. However, most of these diseases can be prevented or successfully treated, especially if they are detected early. In order to quickly identify any pathology, it is important to know how to properly check the condition of the heart.

In this article, we will look at the various methods and tests that can help assess the health of this important organ, what steps you can take to maintain a healthy heart, and what symptoms may indicate potential problems.

Features of the Course and Treatment of Conjunctivitis in Patients with Viral Infections, Including COVID-19

2024-11-20T07:02:37-05:00

Conjunctivitis is a disease of the organs of vision characterized by the development of a strong inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the eye. Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in the form of redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, eye discharge and increased photosensitivity. Almost anyone can experience conjunctivitis. This disease not only causes great discomfort, but is also dangerous for others. Therefore, to exclude any complications and infection of other people, it is necessary to treat the pathology competently.

This is an inflammation of the connective membrane of the eye (conjunctiva), which covers the back surface of the eyelids and the eyeball up to the cornea. This connective membrane includes lymphatic and blood vessels, nerve fibers, and glands that secrete protective mucus.

The Role of Prenatal Ultrasound in Fetal Health

2024-11-20T07:10:04-05:00

Background: Pregnancy ultrasound scans are beneficial in assessing and monitoring changes in the developing baby, solving issues, and guaranteeing the health of the mother and unborn child during pregnancy.

Aim: This study aims to assess and determine of fetal and maternal health findings of those who underwent to prenatal ultrasound.

Methodology: The data set comprised 81 pregnant women aged 25-40 years. All women underwent ultrasound examinations: one at 14-23 weeks of pregnancy and the other at 30-36 weeks. The examinations were conducted in different hospitals in Iraq over a period of one year between March 2023 and March 2024. The medical indicators and obstetric outcomes of mothers and fetuses were recorded.

Results: A total of 81 pregnant women have a Prenatal Ultrasound. Current findings shown maternal with ages (31 – 35) years were the most common, which include 53.09% of total cases, where almost of maternal had a BMI (> 28.9 kg/m2) with 60 cases, smokers were 17 cases, Gestational age (37.0 – 40) weeks had 56.79% of pregnant women, fetuses death were 6.17%, severe morbidity was 3.70%.

Limb abnormalities were found in 4.94% of total fetuses.

Conclusion: The present article demonstrates that ultrasound is an effective technique in improving clinical outcomes for both maternal and fetal health.

Modern Filling Materials for Sealing Fissures

2024-11-20T07:14:09-05:00

Fissures are special natural grooves and grooves located on the tooth enamel of the chewing surface of the teeth between the chewing tubercles. The sealing method consists of obturation fissures and other anatomical depressions

Healthy teeth with adhesive materials in order to create a barrier to external cariogenic factors