American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157) - is open-access peer-reviewed research on the theory, practice, processes, and outcomes of diplomacy in both its traditional state-based forms, as well as contemporary diplomatic expressions practiced by states and non-state entities. Journal publishes a range of articles pertaining to public diplomacy and related fields, including international relations, public relations, public affairs, media studies, cultural studies, economics, and nation branding.
From Separation of Powers to Fusion of Powers: A Critique of Nigeria's Application of Baron De Montesquieu's Principle of Separation of Powers
Baron de Montesquieu's doctrine of separation of powers is a foundational principle of liberal democracy, advocating the division of governmental functions, legislative, executive, and judicial to prevent tyranny and safeguard liberty. Nigeria, having accepted to practice the presidential system of government, logically adopted this principle of checks and balances in its 1999 Constitution to ensure mutual accountability and limit power abuse among the three arms of government. The motivation for this study stems from the observed practical divergence from this theoretical ideal in Nigeria, which often exhibits a "fusion of powers" rather than a strict separation. The problem that this work seeks to address is the consistent mal-application and abuse of these constitutional provisions. This leads to persistent conflicts and disruptions in governance, marked by partisan interests, perceived executive dominance, and instances of legislative overreach, impacting critical processes like budget approval and appointments. Such constitutional aberrations impede democratic consolidation and foster political instability. This paper's objectives are to critically examine the extent to which separation of powers contributes to democracy in Nigeria, determine the factors affecting its successful application, and ascertain how checks and balances contribute to its effective management. The paper employs the content-analytic method.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
The Development of Uzbekistan–Turkey Relations at the Level of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
This article highlights the development of bilateral cooperation between the two states, emphasizing the role of high-level official meetings and state visits conducted by the heads of state in shaping these relations. Based on historical evidence, it examines the progress achieved across all spheres of interaction between Uzbekistan and Turkey. Furthermore, the study reveals, with new supporting facts, that the relations between the two countries have now advanced to the stage of a “Strategic Partnership.”
Digital Marketing Adoption Among Small Businesses in Developing Countries
This paper examines the patterns, drivers, and barriers of digital marketing adoption among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries across Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Drawing on primary survey data from 1,240 SME owners and managers, supplemented by secondary analysis of regional digital economy reports, the study identifies a pronounced digital divide that constrains equitable participation in global e-commerce ecosystems. While mobile internet penetration has accelerated adoption of social-media marketing, particularly through platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp Business, and TikTok, structural barriers — including limited digital literacy, unreliable infrastructure, restricted access to formal financial services, and inadequate regulatory frameworks — continue to impede comprehensive adoption. The findings reveal that government-led digital capacity programs, fintech integration, and local-language content development represent the most impactful levers for sustainable adoption. This paper contributes an empirically grounded framework for policymakers, development finance institutions, and technology companies seeking to support SME digitalization in emerging markets.
Development of Industrial Zones and Enhancement of Investment Attractiveness
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the economic essence of developing industrial zones and enhancing their investment attractiveness. The role of industrial zones in the national economy is revealed, particularly their importance in accelerating regional development, modernizing production, and stimulating investment flows. The key factors determining investment attractiveness are systematized, and mechanisms for increasing the competitiveness of industrial zones through infrastructure development, improvement of the institutional environment, introduction of innovative technologies, and development of human capital are substantiated. The research findings have practical significance for improving state policies aimed at the sustainable development of industrial zones.
CORPORATIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY: A REVIEW OF EXPANDING RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA
This paper reviews the growing involvement of the private corporations in the development of public policy in Nigeria with regard to the telecommunications, banking and energy industries. It examines how companies like MTN Nigeria, Access Bank, and Oando PLC have become a force to reckon with in the policy making process especially under their corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and their participation in the policy making process. The paper takes a critical stance, and it uses the stakeholder theory and corporate governance framework that seek to identify the ethical, political, and social consequences of corporate involvement in national governance. The results show that CSR can also lead to the development of the community, but it is commonly used in a strategic way by companies to lobby for favourable policies that can suit their interests, facilitate regulatory capture and corporate hegemony in policy making. The study also revealed the dilemma of asymmetric power relations between corporations and labour especially regarding casualization, outsourcing and erosion of trade union power. These forces advances labour exploitation and further institutionalize the corporate power in policy making process. The paper concludes by recommending the strengthening of regulatory frameworks, corporate accountability and empowerment of labour unions to make corporate involvement in the policymaking process consistent with the common good and beneficial to social equity in Nigeria.
THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DEMOCRATIC ASSISTANCE IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECT FROM 1999-2023
Democratic governance is the acceptable form of government universally. Nigeria has been one of the major receipts of foreign democratic in recent times dating back to the democratic process, with hundreds of billions of dollars and other non-monetary measures from democratic promoters since 1999 till 2023 and Nigerian democratic elections failing to deliver increased stability and development, we ask to what extent is Nigeria’s democratic experience since 1999 a reflection of the objectives of foreign democratic assistance to the country, this paper will help policy makers and academicians to understand that the threatened fragile democratic experiment in Nigeria is due to the irregularities associated with the elections and not on the enormity of fund from foreign donors. This paper adopted the realistic theory of change by Anderson as its theoretical framework a modification of Carol (2008) change model theory, the paper employed personal oral interviews and secondary sources of data to analysis of data qualitatively, using tables and simple percentages we show that irrespective of democratic assistance from international partners to Nigeria between 1999-2023 her political development has remained gloomy. The findings show that Nigeria’s effort towards democratic consolidations is still not a reflection of the objective(s) of FDA because her electoral integrity is still threatened by many factors such as the attitude of political leaders, electoral corruption and so on. However, the study recommends that for FDA to be successful, there is need for change in the value oriented of the political elite, the war on corruption must be pursued with vigour, government at all levels need to be serious or pay more attention to problem of poverty and greater harmonization and alignment in democratization assistance is desirable
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF INVESTIGATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CRIMES AND CERTAIN PROBLEMATIC ISSUES ENCOUNTERED IN PRACTICE
Domestic violence remains one of the most pressing and socially dangerous forms of crime, affecting not only individual victims but also the stability of families and society as a whole. The complexity of such crimes lies in their latent nature, emotional and psychological dimensions, and the close relationship between the offender and the victim. This article examines the specific features of investigating domestic violence crimes and analyzes certain problematic issues encountered in investigative practice. The study aims to identify procedural, criminological, and organizational peculiarities that distinguish domestic violence investigations from other categories of criminal cases, as well as to propose approaches to improving investigative efficiency and victim protection mechanisms. The research highlights that domestic violence crimes often occur within private settings, without independent witnesses, and are frequently accompanied by psychological pressure, economic dependence, and repeated cycles of abuse. These factors significantly complicate evidence collection, assessment, and documentation. Special attention is paid to the role of timely registration of complaints, the conduct of forensic medical examinations, interviewing techniques sensitive to victims’ psychological conditions, and the importance of risk assessment in preventing repeated violence. The article also analyzes the difficulties arising from victims’ reluctance to cooperate with investigators due to fear, social stigma, reconciliation with the offender, or financial dependence. Furthermore, the study explores procedural guarantees aimed at ensuring the rights and safety of victims during the pre-trial investigation. It examines protective orders, confidentiality measures, access to legal aid, and interagency cooperation between law enforcement bodies, social services, and medical institutions. The effectiveness of these mechanisms is evaluated in light of existing legal frameworks and practical implementation challenges. Comparative elements of international standards and national legislation are also considered to identify best practices in addressing domestic violence cases. Methodologically, the research is based on the analysis of criminal legislation, investigative practice materials, statistical data, and scholarly publications. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization are applied to assess current investigative approaches and identify systemic shortcomings. The findings indicate that improving investigative effectiveness requires specialized training for law enforcement officers, development of victim-centered investigative techniques, enhanced coordination among relevant institutions, and the integration of psychological and forensic expertise into the investigative process. In conclusion, the article substantiates that domestic violence investigations demand a differentiated and multidisciplinary approach, combining strict adherence to procedural norms with sensitivity to the social and psychological dimensions of the crime. Addressing the identified problematic issues will contribute to strengthening legal protection for victims, increasing the rate of crime detection, and enhancing the overall effectiveness of criminal justice responses to domestic violence.
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE - A CRITERION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
This article focuses on the presumption of innocence as a yardstick for measuring legal system institutions’ maturity. The purpose of the research is not only analysis of practical implementation mechanisms of this principle in the system of law applied in the Republic of Uzbekistan but also discovering its influence at all stages of realization process – fr om pre-trial stage and before revisional instance as well. Special emphasis is placed on the new provision (as of 2023) 94 concerning the presumption of innocence, which has been re-formulated with three different forms: as a procedural principle, an evidentiary rule and a rule against public communication. The research verifies the direct connection of the legal phenomenon “the admissibility of evidence” to such a publicly significant institution as the presumption of innocence and describes its impact on extraprocedural institutions (administrative detention, operative-search activities, punishment). The author believes that the complete implementation of the presumption of innocence is determined by not only a normative side but also by professional legal consciousness of law enforcement officers.
Effectiveness of Using Movement Games in Improving the Physical Fitness of Female Handball Students
This article analyzes the effectiveness of using movement games in improving the physical fitness of female handball students from a scientific, theoretical, and practical perspective. During the research, a set of special movement games aimed at developing speed, agility, strength, endurance, and coordination skills was developed, and their effectiveness was determined through experimental and test work. The results obtained showed that when movement games are integrated into the training process, the physical performance of female students improves significantly, interest in training increases, and the level of functional training increases. The results of the study are of great importance in improving the teaching and training process in handball in higher educational institutions.
President Masoud Barzani as a Kurdish National Reference: Political Influence and Mediation Efforts in Western Kurdistan (Rojava)
As the crisis in Syria has continued since 2011, it has become a leading political and strategic region in the Middle East, Western Kurdistan (Rojava). This paper analyses the contribution of the Kurdish politician, President Masoud Barzani to the formation of the political agenda of Syrian Kurdistan based on the diplomatic activities, mediation efforts, and Kurdish political pluralism of the Kurdish people. It emphasizes the attempts of Barzani to unify Kurdish forces through the major compromises like Erbil (2012) and Duhok (2014), and his consistent intervention in Kurdish political balance amid the conflicts in the region and international interferences. The paper finds that Barzani is a key Kurdish political interlocutor in the Rojava situation, mainly, due to his political legitimacy and extensive regional and international diplomatic networks, President Masoud Barzani has long been regarded as a central reference point of Kurdish nationalism, representing a historical and political legitimacy that continues to shape Kurdish strategic thinking across the region and skill to survive among complicated geopolitical demands.
Correlation–Regression Relationships in the Analysis of Australia’s National Economy
This article conducts a multifactor correlation–regression analysis based on the key indicators of Australia’s national economy. The study examines the statistical relationships between factors affecting the growth of gross domestic product (GDP), including imports, exports, the services sector, agricultural value added, population size, and industrial indicators. Using a pairwise correlation matrix, linear relationships among the factors were identified, and the significance of the regression equation was evaluated using the Fisher criterion. The results indicate that exports and the services sector are the factors exerting the greatest influence on GDP growth in Australia’s economy. The study enables the formulation of important scientific and practical conclusions for assessing Australia’s economic development, its structural potential, and macroeconomic stability.
Correlation and Regression Relationships in Analyzing the National Economy of Brazil
This abstract briefly outlines the socio-economic development characteristics of the Federative Republic of Brazil and its role in the global economy. Brazil is the largest country in South America and stands out due to its territory, population, and natural resource potential. The country’s economy is diversified, with industry, agriculture, the service sector, and foreign trade playing significant roles. Brazil is considered one of the world’s leading countries in the export of agricultural products (soybeans, coffee, sugarcane), industrial goods, and energy resources. In addition, the country has a well-developed industrial production base, including the automotive industry, mining, and processing sectors. The abstract generally characterizes Brazil’s economic stability, export potential, and role in global economic integration. The growth of Brazil’s gross domestic product and the factors influencing it have been sufficiently studied. Key indicators of Brazil’s overall industrial sectors, agriculture, and service sector, as well as their impact on growth, have been examined and conclusions have been drawn.
Methods of Teaching Technical Elements of Wrestling to Students with Physical Disabilities Based on Video Analysis
In this article, the issues of improving the process of teaching wrestling elements to students with physical disabilities were studied scientifically and pedagogically based on the use of video analysis technologies. The study paid special attention to the issues of individualizing training sessions based on the principles of adaptive physical education, expanding the possibilities of visual perception of movements and self-control. The results obtained show that the systematic use of modern information and communication technologies, in particular video analysis tools, in adaptive physical education classes is of great importance in increasing the physical fitness, movement skills and motivation of students with physical disabilities to training.
Psychological and Pedagogical Requirements for Developing a Modern Literature Textbook
Modern education demands new approaches to teaching, especially in complex subjects like literature. A school literature textbook must meet psychological and pedagogical requirements to ensure effective material assimilation by students and promote their holistic development. This article examines the key aspects of developing new-generation school literature textbooks. The study aims to systematize the core psychological and pedagogical requirements for such textbooks. The methodological basis is a qualitative analysis and systematization of modern approaches to textbook design. As a result, twelve key requirements are identified and described, encompassing systemic design, age-appropriateness, emotional and cognitive development, value formation, interactivity, use of modern technologies, personalization, creativity development, digital integration, reader culture cultivation, interdisciplinary connections, and critical thinking skills. The discussion highlights the integrative nature of these requirements and their role in creating a textbook that is not only an information source but also a tool for developing personality, culture, and adaptable skills in the 21st century. The conclusions emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive approach that balances traditional pedagogical values with the demands of the digital era and the individual needs of students.
psychological and pedagogical requirements for textbooks
Guarantees of the Right to Private Property and Mechanisms for Their Implementation
This article examines the guarantees of the right to private property and the mechanisms for their effective implementation within the modern legal system. The right to private property is recognized as one of the fundamental human and civil rights, playing a crucial role in ensuring economic stability, social development, and the formation of a market-oriented economy. The study analyzes the legal nature of private property rights, their constitutional foundations, and the system of legal guarantees designed to protect property owners from unlawful interference by the state, third parties, or other subjects of law. Special attention is given to the institutional, legal, and organizational mechanisms that ensure the realization of private property rights in practice. These mechanisms include legislative regulation, judicial protection, administrative safeguards, and law enforcement practices aimed at restoring violated rights and preventing future infringements. The article also explores the role of courts, justice authorities, and other competent institutions in guaranteeing the inviolability of private property, as well as the effectiveness of existing remedies for resolving property-related disputes. The research highlights existing problems and challenges in the implementation of private property rights, such as gaps in legislation, inconsistencies in law enforcement practice, and insufficient legal awareness among property owners. Based on a comprehensive analysis of national legislation and practical experience, the article proposes recommendations for improving legal frameworks and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. The findings of this study may contribute to the further development of legal guarantees for private property rights and enhance the effectiveness of their implementation in ensuring the rule of law and sustainable economic growth.
Issues of Identifying and Eliminating Corruption Risks
This article analyzes the concept of corruption risks, their types and factors of origin. Legal, organizational and digital mechanisms for identifying, assessing and eliminating risks in reducing corruption are highlighted.
The Role of Soft Skills in Professional Development
This article examines Uzbekistan’s higher education reforms in the context of labor market transformation, emphasizing the growing importance of soft skills. It analyzes employer expectations, digitalization impacts, and human capital development, arguing that interpersonal competencies are essential for graduate employability, competitiveness, leadership potential, and sustainable socio-economic development in Uzbekistan today.
Development, Institutionalization, And Ensuring the Legal Protection of Youth Through Legal Clinics
The article examines the development and institutionalization of legal clinics as an effective mechanism for ensuring legal protection of young people belonging to socially vulnerable and at-risk groups. It analyzes the concept of “youth at social risk,” identifies its main categories, and highlights key socio-economic and legal factors contributing to vulnerability and exclusion. Particular attention is paid to the need for a systematic approach to identifying at-risk youth through coordinated interaction among state authorities, educational institutions, local self-government bodies, and civil society organizations.
The Ghost in the Machine: A Comparative Critique of AI ‘Legal Personhood’ and Liability Attribution in Autonomous Vehicle Torts (EU vs. US)
This article critiques the viability of granting legal personhood to Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the context of SAE Level 4/5 Autonomous Vehicle (AV) liability. By contrasting the European Union’s 2024 Revised Product Liability Directive—which cements a strict liability "product" approach following the 2025 withdrawal of the specialized AI Liability Directive—with the United States’ emerging reliance on mass tort litigation (e.g., the 2025 LoSavio certification), it argues that "electronic personhood" is a legally redundant fiction. Instead, the article proposes a "functional entity" model that harmonizes the US "enterprise risk" doctrine with the EU’s "presumption of defectiveness," ensuring victims are compensated without anthropomorphizing code.
Analysis of 10-Year Macroeconomic Indicators of the Republic of Korea
Ushbu maqolada Koreya Respublikasining so‘nggi o‘n yil ichidagi asosiy iqtisodiy va makroiqtisodiy ko’rsatkichlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida yalpi ichki mahsulot (YIM), inflyatsiya, mehnat bozori ko‘rsatkichlari, tashqi savdo va investitsiya oqimlari kabi asosiy indikatorlar o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, iqtisodiy o‘sishning barqarorligi, inqirozga chidamliligi va makroiqtisodiy siyosatning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada so‘nggi o‘n yil ichida kuzatilgan iqtisodiy tendensiyalar, ularning global iqtisodiyot va regional rivojlanish bilan bog‘liqligi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari orqali Koreya iqtisodiyotining o‘sish mexanizmlarini va siyosiy choralarni yanada samarali shakllantirish holatlari ko’zda tutiladi.
Intergovernmental Diplomacy and Consensus Rhetoric in United Nations Official Discourse
Language plays a central role in multilateral diplomacy, particularly within the institutional framework of the United Nations (UN), where decision-making is strongly oriented toward consensus. This article examines the rhetorical and pragmatic mechanisms through which consensus is constructed in UN official discourse. Drawing on theories of politeness, hedging, modality, strategic ambiguity, and speech act theory, the study analyzes how linguistic strategies such as indirectness, impersonality, passive constructions, euphemism, and modal expressions function to minimize conflict and facilitate agreement among sovereign states. The findings demonstrate that UN diplomatic language systematically avoids overt confrontation in favor of generalized, cooperative formulations that enable divergent political positions to coexist within a shared textual framework. The article argues that consensus in UN discourse is not merely a political outcome but a linguistically mediated process shaped by carefully calibrated rhetorical choices.
Non-governmental Non-profit Organizations in Central Asian Countries Development Dynamics
This paper explores the dynamic evolution of non-governmental non-profit organizations (NGOs) in Central Asia, particularly focusing on the development of these organizations in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. Following their independence from the Soviet Union, these countries have experienced varying trajectories in the formation of civil society institutions, influenced by their political regimes, legal frameworks, and international cooperation. The development process of NGOs in Uzbekistan has seen significant growth, supported by governmental reforms and the establishment of institutional infrastructures like NGO Houses. Conversely, in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, the NGO sector faces stricter state control, limiting their independence and political activities. This paper analyzes the stages of NGO development in these countries, highlighting both successes and challenges, and argues for context-based approaches to strengthen civil society in the region, taking into account the different political landscapes. The findings underscore the critical role of NGOs in fostering democratic practices, addressing social issues, and contributing to the overall socio-economic development of Central Asian nations.
The Impact of Global Pandemics on Small and Medium-scale Enterprises in Developing Countries: The Nigerian Example
The 16th Ebola outbreak in the Kasai Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo in September 20205 renewed palpable fears of a possible spread of the deadly virus to West Africa, especially in Nigeria, where the outbreak of 2014 seriously disrupted mostly Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) that are yet to recover from the impact. In an increasingly globalised world, interconnected by land, air, and sea, pandemics in one remote country can spread quickly and disrupt the supply chains in far-flung locations, leading to disastrous social and economic consequences for commercial transactions, especially SMEs. They drive innovation and create more jobs than the public service, but are prone to layoffs and construction. Luckily, the latest outbreak was promptly contained to the relief of global disease-tracking agencies. As one advertisement on the Cable News Network (CNN) declares: Everything is connected to business, just as business is connected to everything else. In Nigeria, these pandemics significantly disrupted the already struggling Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), resulting in lower productivity, substantial financial losses, and increased unemployment, with dire consequences for the government and the rest of society. The WHO identifies weak healthcare systems, poor access to quality healthcare, and atavistic cultural norms as contributing factors to the spread of HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19 in many developing nations. The study relies on quantitative approaches and secondary data to highlight the negative impact of global pandemics on SMEs in Nigeria, especially the challenges they faced during and after the outbreaks. The paper proposes more effective and inclusive strategies to reduce the adverse effects of future pandemics on SMEs, including reinforcing digital infrastructure to minimise human contact, sourcing contingency funding, and government support at all levels to keep SMEs functional and profitable, even in crises.
Intergovernmental Relations and Federal Roads Infrastructure Development in Nigeria: A Study of Delta and Edo States
The study examined intergovernmental relations and federal roads infrastructure development in Nigeria Delta and Edo States a case study. The study adopted Structural-Functionalism Theory. The study employed the descriptive research design. The study evaluates the independence or correlation between categorical variables represented in the Likert scale responses. The study used both qualitative and quantitative sources. The study revealed that many of the respondents agreed that IGR has a positive impact on governance and road infrastructure. The study revealed that political rivalry as another challenge; 51.2% of the respondents strongly agreed and 40% agreed that the conflicts between federal and state governments hinder infrastructure development. The study recommended that both the federal and state governments need to guarantee adequate funding for road projects, along with measures in place to promote transparency and accountability in order to prevent corruption and inefficiencies, among others.
Legal Implications and Liability Issues of Artificial Intelligence (AI)–Based Corporate Decision-Making Models
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in decision-making within corporations. Within the scope of the study, the use of AI systems in corporate governance processes, their impact on efficiency, and the resulting legal risks are examined. In particular, it addresses issues such as determining liability in cases where decisions involving AI cause harm, algorithmic errors, differences between humans and artificial intelligence, the legal consequences of decisions made by AI, and related accountability. Additionally, based on international experience, a comparative corporate analysis has been conducted, and legislative recommendations have been developed in the conclusion.
AI Diplomacy: Can Algorithms Help Humanity Resolve International Conflicts?
Artificial intelligence is becoming a fully-fledged tool of diplomacy. Algorithms warn of conflicts before they break out and simulate dozens of peace treaty scenarios in a matter of hours. But can machines trained on human data overcome our own biases? Is the world truly on the brink of a revolution in international relations.
Strengthening the Role of Authorized Bodies in the Legal Regulation of Civilian and Service Weapons Circulation
The adoption of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Weapons" established the legal basis for the licensing and permitting system in the sphere of weapons circulation. The introduction of this system significantly strengthened state regulation of relevant legal relations and led to a significant increase in both the types of weapons permitted for civilian circulation and the number of permits. At the same time, the workload of employees of the control and licensing units of internal affairs agencies, as well as of employees of public order protection units (hereinafter referred to as PLOPS employees) and prevention inspectors, who are responsible for state and departmental oversight functions in this area, has increased significantly.
State Policy on Digitalization of the Economy
This article scientifically analyzes the role of state policy in the process of digitalization of the economy and its impact on economic development. The main goal of the research is to assess the effectiveness of political, institutional, and organizational measures implemented by the state in the context of the digital economy and to determine their impact on economic growth, competitiveness, and social well-being. The research methodology used methods of system analysis, comparative-statistical methods, study of regulatory legal acts, and comparison of foreign experience. The article highlights the mechanisms for increasing economic efficiency through the development of digital infrastructure, the introduction of an e-government system, and the support of digital finance and e-commerce. The research results show that the consistent and comprehensive implementation of state policy is an important factor in ensuring the sustainable development of the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Public Diplomacy and International Studies (2993-2157)
Free Legal Aid System: Legislation, Practice and Development Prospects
The article emphasizes that issues related to the system of providing free legal aid to the population are an important mechanism in the formation of a legal state and civil society, and analyzes opinions on its legal foundations and forms. Proposals and recommendations on the prospects for the development of this system are also provided.
Peace Education and Human Rights Literacy as Tools for Conflict Prevention in the Niger Delta: A Human Security Perspective
Nigeria’s Niger Delta is one of the regions of the world that recorded intractable conflicts over the years. The spasmodic violence, instability and conflict in the region are as deeply rooted in socio-economic marginalization, environmental degradation, human rights violations and governance failure. Consecutive decades of state interventions and corporate social responsibility have not ensured peace as sustainable and enduring. This indicates the weakness of conventional, state-led conflict management. This paper examines how peace education and human rights literacy can be employed as transformative tools of conflict prevention in the Niger Delta from the perspective of a human security framework that prioritizes people-focused solutions over militarized solutions. Drawing on qualitative data from policy reports, field reports and interviews with stakeholder groups, the study examines how empowering local communities through awareness of their rights, building a culture of dialogue and practising peace education via formal and informal institutions can reverse the structural causes of conflict. The study affirms that improved human rights consciousness and comprehensive peace education curricula increase social cohesion, participatory governance and de-motivation of violence as conflict resolution strategies. Integration of human security ideas into peace education and rights literacy education is required to build lasting peace, environmental justice, and fair development in oil-producing Niger Delta societies.