American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
type: channel
description: American Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637) is an international peer-reviewed journal published to reach excellence on Research and Scientific Development. The journal is not limited to a specific aspect of engineering and architecture but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering sciences, electrical, mechanical and architecture. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome. The journal strives to maintain high-quality of publications. There will be a commitment to expediting the time taken for the publication of the papers. The editorial board reserves the right to reject papers without sending them out for review. The journal also publishes innovative contributions on every aspect of the architectural endeavor.
publisher: GRN Journals Incorporation
language: en
publication name: American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
issn: 2993-2637
items: Compatibility of Cotton Confectionary Fat with Natural Cocoa Butter
items: The Role of Recycling in Building a Circular Economy
items: Sustainable Development of the Old Area of the City of Samara
items: Analysis of Fluid Flow through 90° Pipe Bends: Pressure Losses, Flow Separation, And Velocity Distribution
items: The Problem of Modeling the Practice of Heat Treatment in the Preparation of Shafts of Technological Machines
items: Mathematical Model for Improving Wear Resistance and Reducing Noise in Bevel Gear Transmissions
items: Method and System for Constructing a Measuring Instrument Based on Digital Twin Technology
items: Deepfake Image Authentication with Deep Learning Technologies
items: Analysis of Foreign Impurities Contained in Fiber
items: Design and Structure of Functional Textiles for Bed Applications
items: Impact of Advanced Composite Tubes on the Efficiency and Durability of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers in Corrosive Petroleum Environments
items: Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Study of Materials, Process Parameters, Equipment, And Economic Efficiency
items: Modern Strengthening Approaches for Aluminum Alloys: From Precipitation to Ultrafine-Grained Structures
items: Development of the Integrated Flood Hazard Index (FHI) for a Multi-Criteria Assessment of Mudflow Hazard
items: Research and Testing of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams on Slope Section
items: Geotechnological Methods of Coal Mining
items: Review on Sustainable Concrete: Alternatives to Cement, Gravel, and Sand
items: Development of Machine Learning Platforms that Accelerate Drug Discovery and Molecular Screening for Cancers, Autoimmune Diseases, And Neurological Disorders
items: https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJEMA/article/view/8728
items: Analysis of Socio-Economic Losses in Emergency Situations
items: A Transfer Learning Approach for Real-Time Parking Availability Classification Using MobileNetV2 and Efficient Net
items: Comprehensive Review on the Intersection of Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning in the Era of Generative AI
items: Determining the Optimal Longitudinal Spacing Between Upper and Lower Working Elements in Two-Tier Chisel-Type Plows
items: Theoretical Basis of Leveling Tillage in a Paraplow-Type Slanted-Column Chisel Plow
items: Thermo-Economic Optimization of a Novel Supercritical CO₂ Brayton Cycle Integrated with Concentrated Solar Power for High-Efficiency Electricity
items: Analysis of Methods and Equipments for Forming Small and Medium Diameter Welding Pipes
items: The Impact of Urban Environment on the Atmosphere
items: ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT FLOW THROUGH EXTERNAL ROUTES PASSING THROUGH THE CITY CENTER
items: ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF SHOPPING CENTERS IN REGIONAL CENTERS OF UZBEKISTAN
items: Legal Regulation of Passenger Transportation by Rail in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Compatibility of Cotton Confectionary Fat with Natural Cocoa Butter
type: item
description: The article deals with the methods of hydrogenation and perietherification, the opportunity of obtaining cocoa oil substitute, which is close to the natural cocoa oil in its physical and chemical dualities as its freezing and melting temperature, solidity, the content of triglycerids of fraction and etc. New scientific, experimental and practical results of obtaining cocoa oil substitute have been presented.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cotton palmitin
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrogenation
  topic: keywords
subject: salomas
  topic: keywords
creator: G.N.Bafoyeva
creator: Z.K.Maxmudova
creator: M.R.Yuldashova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 10
ending page: 14

The Role of Recycling in Building a Circular Economy
type: item
description: The growing global demand for resources and increasing waste generation pose serious threats to sustainable development (UNEP, 2023). Transitioning from a linear to a circular economy has become crucial. This article analyzes the environmental, social, and economic benefits of recycling, illustrated by practices in Sweden and the European Union. Findings indicate that recycling contributes to energy savings, waste reduction, job creation, and economic resilience. Nevertheless, recycling alone is insufficient without systemic approaches and supportive policies (Circularity Gap Report, 2024).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
creator: Xonimqulova Sabohat Abdukarim qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2026-01-08
publication date: 2026-01-08
starting page: 7
ending page: 9

Sustainable Development of the Old Area of the City of Samara
type: item
description: The current study attempts to design for the development of Samarra's Old District. It is a mirror that reflects the effects of this civilization and the expression of the city's symbols through the integrated development of the examined region and its significance. Which will become a tourist attraction due to its cultural significance. It is also economically significant because it helps to the city's economic development and provides job possibilities for the unemployed. Which instills in the visitor a new perception of Samarra and, at the same time, instills pride in the city's youth when the heritage of their city is revealed to them. The archaeological significance of the project is one of the grounds for its selection. The reasons for choosing the project 1-The archaeological significance of the ancient district, which is a strong point for attracting tourists to the city and aids in the identification of the city's legacy. 2-To attract tourists, the city requires a space and an entertainment facility that welcome their activities and fits their needs. Project goals and objectives 1. Create communities near the Grand Mosque and give them their unique identity through a panorama that recounts the city's past to visitors and residents, as well as allowing them to see the heritage and glory of their forefathers. 2. Hold creative performances to communicate with other people's civilizations and cultures, as well as global scientific and technological growth. Visitors' definitions of Samarra's extended heritage, as well as the city's residents' definitions of what exists overseas and how it reflects current cultural development. Provide trade centers for various types of heritage goods, which is a lovely souvenir that visitors can preserve, and there can be. The research made a Sustainable development plan for the studied area and recommended some proposals for completion of the project.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable
  topic: keywords
subject: development
  topic: keywords
subject: heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Maysoon Muhi Hilal
creator: Maria Salim Dawood
creator: Hanan Abdul Jabbar Asaad Al-Aqeeli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2026-01-06
publication date: 2026-01-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Analysis of Fluid Flow through 90° Pipe Bends: Pressure Losses, Flow Separation, And Velocity Distribution
type: item
description: This paper gives a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of the flow of an incompressible fluid through a 90deg pipe bend on the open-source SimScale platform. The flow of curved pipes is typified by the redistribution of velocity, development of a secondary flow and pressure losses so the primary goal is to determine the magnitude of the pressure losses and study the behaviour of velocity and the behaviour of separation as a function of Reynolds number and bend curvature. The parametric study of the elbow geometries is followed with variable curvature ratios (rc/D) and flow conditions (laminar and turbulent) on the geometries. Structured meshes in which the near-wall refinement has been used and steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models which are the standard k-e model and the SST k-o model are used to perform simulations with chosen transient cases to capture unsteady separation. The analysis has been conducted on pressure loss coefficients and velocity profiles, pressure contours, and the second flow patterns. The findings indicate the great effect of bend geometry and flow regime on flow organization and energy losses. The paper draws attention to the originality of utilizing an open-access CFD platform, which offers a reproducible numerical model, which can be used in teaching engineering and in initial design and subsequent experimental support.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: incompressible
  topic: keywords
subject: turbulent
  topic: keywords
subject: SimScale
  topic: keywords
subject: pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Reynolds number
  topic: keywords
creator: Rawan A. Fayyad
creator: Issam M. Ali Aljubury
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 114
ending page: 123

The Problem of Modeling the Practice of Heat Treatment in the Preparation of Shafts of Technological Machines
type: item
description: In this article, the solution of the problem posed by the method of modeling the process of thermal processing is considered in solving the problems of managing and facilitating the technological process of manufacturing the shafts of technological machines and various techniques. As a result of theoretical studies, it was stated that the proposed thermal treatment model of shafts allows for rational control of the direction and amount of internal stresses in the preparation of shafts of technological machines and other techniques.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Technological machine
  topic: keywords
subject: technological process
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Mirzaev Kakhramon Karshiboevich
creator: Botir Muradovich Saydumarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 109
ending page: 113

Mathematical Model for Improving Wear Resistance and Reducing Noise in Bevel Gear Transmissions
type: item
description: This paper presents a mathematical model aimed at evaluating the geometric accuracy of tooth surfaces and reducing wear and noise in bevel and hypoid gear transmissions used in automobile drive axles. The study considers the spatial kinematic and geometric characteristics of the grinding process based on the formate–tilt principle, in which the generating motions between the cutting tool and the workpiece are modeled using coordinate systems. Based on the parametric equations of the cutter head surface, the spatial theoretical equations of the gear tooth surface are derived, and the geometric deviations between mating tooth surfaces are evaluated using a discretization approach. The proposed model can be applied to analyze the meshing process, assess load distribution, and substantiate technological solutions aimed at reducing noise levels in bevel and hypoid gear transmissions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bevel gear
  topic: keywords
subject: hypoid gear
  topic: keywords
subject: tooth surface
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdurakhmanov Azamat Erkinovich
creator: Ishmuratov Hikmat Kakharovich
creator: Hamroev Ramzjon Komiljon ugli
creator: Abdurahimov Maqsudjon Alijon ugli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: 105
ending page: 108

Method and System for Constructing a Measuring Instrument Based on Digital Twin Technology
type: item
description: This article discusses an innovative approach to the design, manufacture, and operation of high-precision measuring instruments based on the concept of a digital twin. The proposed method enables the creation of a highly accurate virtual copy of a physical measuring device that integrates data on component geometric errors, assembly errors, static and dynamic system errors, and sensor characteristics. A multi-stage procedure for constructing such a digital twin is described, from design to calibration and operation. The architecture of the system, consisting of the physical subsystem of the device, its digital twin, and an integrated measurement management subsystem, is presented. A key advantage of this approach is the ability to predict measurement uncertainty, monitor instrument accuracy degradation in real time, optimize measurement trajectories on the virtual model, and, as a result, significantly improve the quality, reliability, and life cycle of measuring equipment. The method is illustrated using the example of constructing a coordinate measuring machine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital twin
  topic: keywords
subject: measuring instrument
  topic: keywords
subject: precision metrology
  topic: keywords
subject: measurement error
  topic: keywords
subject: uncertainty
  topic: keywords
subject: coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual model
  topic: keywords
creator: А. А. Yusupov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
starting page: 99
ending page: 104

Deepfake Image Authentication with Deep Learning Technologies
type: item
description: As synthetic media has grown, deepfake images have become a big danger to the truthfulness of information and trust in digital media. These pictures were made by advanced generative models like GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks). They often include small visual differences that the human eye can't see. The goal of this project is to create a strong deep learning-based system that can find and sort deepfake photos with great accuracy. The model is trained on benchmark datasets like Face Forensics++ and Celeb-DF using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transfer learning techniques. The suggested system focusses on learning features that can tell the difference between actual and fake photographs. It does this by looking for patterns like pixel-level aberrations, irregular illumination, and face asymmetry. The experimental results suggest that the model can accurately identify deepfake content, which is important for digital forensics, social media moderation, and information security.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Convolutional Neural Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Pixel-Level Artefacts
  topic: keywords
subject: Identifying Deepfake Content
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Forensics
  topic: keywords
subject: Information Security
  topic: keywords
creator: P. Velavan
creator: S. R. Saranya
creator: M. Mohamed Thariq
creator: M. Mohamed Sameer Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
starting page: 80
ending page: 98

Analysis of Foreign Impurities Contained in Fiber
type: item
description: This article presents experiments conducted in production conditions, changes in the structural composition of cotton and its characteristic parameters during technological processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cotton cleaning
  topic: keywords
subject: changes in the technological process of cotton structure parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: cotton moisture content
  topic: keywords
creator: B.A.Baykhanov
creator: M.D. Shorakhmedova
creator: M.K. Kodiraliyeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 74
ending page: 79

Design and Structure of Functional Textiles for Bed Applications
type: item
description: The analysis of medical fabrics showed that the assortment continues to develop, and new fabrics with improved consumer properties appear.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: elastic fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: stretchable
  topic: keywords
subject: natural
  topic: keywords
creator: Khamraeva S. B
creator: S. Hamrayeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 70
ending page: 73

Impact of Advanced Composite Tubes on the Efficiency and Durability of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers in Corrosive Petroleum Environments
type: item
description: This paper investigates the influence of a NCET on thermal performance and durability of S&T HE operating in corrosive media like that found in petroleum production. Traditional carbon-steel tubes corrode and erode, as well as foul up the process so that heat is not effectively transferred resulting in less efficiency, more frequently down time and costly servicing. This covers recent research on fibre-reinforced polymer and metal–matrix composite tubes for corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, tensile strength and long-term stability when subjected to high temperature with pressure in a multiphase flow environment. A theoretical comparison of total heat-transfer coefficients, pressure drop and anticipated service life between composite and metallic tubes is generated. Consideration is given to design issues such as tube–sheet attachment, compatibility with current shell-and-tube layouts, and life-cycle cost effects. The outcomes should demonstrate the capability of suitably designed composite tubes to greatly improve performance and service life, while controlling corrosion failure. Guidelines for metallic and composite selection for petroleum heat exchangers are also presented, along with research needs for future experimental and industrial-scale work.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mohammed Khaleel Gatea Al-Ogaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 56
ending page: 69

Powder-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Study of Materials, Process Parameters, Equipment, And Economic Efficiency
type: item
description: The rapid development of powder-based additive manufacturing (AM) has created new opportunities for producing complex metal components with controlled microstructure and high functional performance. Despite the widespread adoption of AM systems, the combined influence of powder characteristics, process parameters, and machine architecture on the final quality of printed parts remains insufficiently clarified. This work presents an integrated experimental and analytical investigation covering material properties, energy–material interaction, equipment capabilities, and the economic feasibility of industrial AM deployment. The results demonstrate that optimized powder preparation combined with energy-efficient parameter windows can significantly reduce microstructural defects and improve mechanical consistency. The findings provide new insights into the integrated optimization of materials, process parameters, and equipment selection, offering a practical decision-making framework for industrial implementation of powder-based AM.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: powder-driven metal fabrication
  topic: keywords
subject: laser–powder interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: melt-pool behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdurakhmonov Khusniddin Zakirkhanovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 49
ending page: 55

Modern Strengthening Approaches for Aluminum Alloys: From Precipitation to Ultrafine-Grained Structures
type: item
description: The rapid evolution of transportation, energy, and aerospace technologies continues to increase the demand for aluminum alloys with superior combinations of strength, ductility, and thermal stability. Meeting these requirements relies on a deep understanding of the microstructural mechanisms governing deformation and strengthening. Over the last decade, substantial advancements have been achieved in the development of multiscale strengthening strategies, where atomic-level solute interactions, nanoscale precipitates, and submicron grain structures are engineered synergistically to optimize mechanical performance. This review consolidates recent experimental and theoretical progress in precipitation engineering, solute–dislocation interactions, and grain refinement through SPD. A comparative assessment of strengthening efficiency, stability under service temperatures, and applicability to industrial-scale processing is provided. The article also outlines remaining challenges and identifies promising routes toward designing next-generation aluminum alloys optimized for lightweight, high-performance structural applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aluminum alloys
  topic: keywords
subject: strengthening mechanisms
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdurakhmonov Khusniddin Zakirkhanovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 42
ending page: 48

Development of the Integrated Flood Hazard Index (FHI) for a Multi-Criteria Assessment of Mudflow Hazard
type: item
description: The article presents a comprehensive approach to the quantitative assessment and mapping of debris-flow hazard at the regional scale (using Samarkand Region as a case study) through the development of an integrated Flood Hazard Index (FHI). The index is constructed using a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) framework and incorporates six key thematic layers: precipitation intensity (CHIRPS), flow accumulation (HydroSHEDS ACC), terrain slope (SRTM), distance to surface water bodies (JRC Global Surface Water), vegetation index (MODIS NDVI), and global land-cover data (ESA WorldCover). Data processing was carried out within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment, while layer integration was performed using normalization procedures and the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) technique. The resulting FHI map delineates four hazard classes (very low to high) and reveals the spatial concentration of high hazard levels in the mountainous and piedmont catchments of the Middle Zarafshan. The methodological principles and datasets employed in the study are aligned with contemporary practices in satellite remote sensing and GIS-based hazard assessment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: debris flows
  topic: keywords
subject: precipitation intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: flow accumulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Aminjanova Malika Bakhtiyorovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 38
ending page: 41

Research and Testing of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams on Slope Section
type: item
description: In this article, the strength of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with basalt fibers in the slope section was studied experimentally and theoretically. The role of fibers in the concrete structure, their effect on crack elimination and their contribution to shear strength were analyzed. According to the results of laboratory tests, it was found that basalt fibers increase the shear strength and energy absorption capacity of concrete in the slope section. The results of the studies were compared with ordinary reinforced concrete, and suggestions were made on the optimal fiber content.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: basalt fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: reinforced concrete beam
  topic: keywords
subject: oblique section
  topic: keywords
creator: Alimov X. T.
creator: Khasanova D. S.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-13
publication date: 2025-12-13
starting page: 34
ending page: 37

Geotechnological Methods of Coal Mining
type: item
description: Geotechnical coal mining integrates geological, geomechanical, and engineering principles to ensure the safe and efficient extraction of coal resources. As mining operations progress to deeper and more structurally complex deposits, understanding the mechanical behavior of rock masses, stress redistribution, and ground stability becomes increasingly critical. This study examines key geotechnical factors influencing coal mine design, including rock mass characterization, slope and roof stability, subsidence prediction, groundwater control, and the application of monitoring systems for early hazard detection. Modern methods such as numerical modeling, geophysical exploration, and real-time geotechnical monitoring are highlighted as essential tools for improving mine planning and preventing failures such as roof collapses, gas outbursts, and landslides. The research emphasizes the importance of integrating geotechnical risk assessment into mining operations to enhance worker safety, optimize resource extraction, and reduce environmental impacts. Findings indicate that geotechnically informed decision-making significantly improves mine stability and sustainability, especially in regions with complex geological conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geotechnology
  topic: keywords
creator: Kholmatov Ulug'murod Qakhramon o’gli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 29
ending page: 33

Review on Sustainable Concrete: Alternatives to Cement, Gravel, and Sand
type: item
description: Concrete is the most widely construction material in the world due its easy formation and availability of raw materials. The disadvantage of its use was cement since it responsible of most CO2 emissions in world. Besides that, due to rapid publication growth, the waste materials generated by humans, such as plastic, glass, and non-biodegradable materials, harm the environment, so most research has involved incorporating waste materials in concrete to create an eco-friendly concrete. In this research, some studies that replaced cement with silica fume, palm ash, and fly ash, sand with glass powder and PET, gravel with crushed concrete and rubber were reviewed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Hussein Alaa
creator: Hussam Ali Mohamme
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 19
ending page: 28

Development of Machine Learning Platforms that Accelerate Drug Discovery and Molecular Screening for Cancers, Autoimmune Diseases, And Neurological Disorders
type: item
description: The emergence of machine learning (ML) systems has gone a long way in advancing drug discovery, especially in the face of complex diseases including cancers, autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases. The combination of ML algorithms and genomic, proteomic, and clinical data has a tremendous potential to be used in predicting the therapeutic targets, in accelerating the drug screening process, and in improving the molecular interactions. This paper will discuss some of the ML methods, such as deep learning, reinforcement learning, and generative models, in drug discovery and molecular screening of these diseases. Moreover, the article raises the problems related to the implementation of ML to large-scale molecular data, the ethical issues of the implementation, and the necessity of the explainability of the ML models. Cases of MLs used in oncology, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases are described to demonstrate how the technologies have been used to aid in the early diagnosis of diseases, repurposing of drugs, and the creation of precision medicine. The combination of quantum computing, blockchain, and AI-based platforms are also discussed and their transformative power that should be used to ensure healthcare data security and enhance the efficiency of drug discovery pipelines. The article ends by stating that interdisciplinary work and data-sharing models are vital to the achievement of the full potential of ML in healthcare innovation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Discovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancers
  topic: keywords
subject: Autoimmune Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurological Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: AI in Healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Repurposing
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinforcement Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Mahababul Alam Rony
creator: Khandoker Nasrin Ismet Ara
creator: Tarannum Mithila
creator: Mrinmoy Sarkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 8
ending page: 18

https://grnjournal.us/index.php/AJEMA/article/view/8728
type: item
title: Analysis of Contemporary Trends in Housing Design and Construction in the Historical Districts of Samarkand: Architectural Styles and Approaches (the combination of contemporary and historical elements)
description: This study explores contemporary trends in housing design and construction within the historic core of Samarkand, Uzbekistan, with comparative insights from Turkey and Europe. The introduction highlights the tension between urban modernization and heritage preservation in rapidly transforming historic cities. While Samarkand faces increasing pressure from tourism-driven development, its architectural identity rooted in traditional mahalla structures is at risk. The research identifies a critical knowledge gap in how modern housing projects in Central Asian historic cities integrate—or fail to integrate—traditional architectural and cultural values. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative analysis of urban policy documents, architectural case studies (e.g., Kosh-Khauz project), and comparative literature on heritage conservation practices. Findings reveal divergent approaches: Samarkand exhibits both sensitive adaptive reuse and disruptive redevelopment, with limited community engagement and inconsistent enforcement of heritage protection laws. In contrast, Turkey demonstrates stronger adaptive reuse models, though not without failures, while European cities apply strict zoning and incentivize preservation. The results suggest that urban heritage management in Samarkand lacks coherent integration between policy, community, and design practice. The study implies that adopting more participatory and legally grounded conservation frameworks—similar to those in Europe—could help balance modernization with the safeguarding of local identity. These findings contribute to the global discourse on sustainable heritage-led urban development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Samarkand
  topic: keywords
subject: historic housing
  topic: keywords
subject: urban heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Gulyamova Feruza
creator: Sharifov Fakhriddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 156
ending page: 163

Analysis of Socio-Economic Losses in Emergency Situations
type: item
description: This study proposes a new assessment methodology based on an integrated and modular approach, developed through the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of existing methods for evaluating socio-economic losses in emergency situations. The proposed methodology allows for real-time data processing and adaptation to various types of emergencies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: emergencies
  topic: keywords
subject: economic losses
  topic: keywords
subject: social damage
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashurova Laylo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

A Transfer Learning Approach for Real-Time Parking Availability Classification Using MobileNetV2 and Efficient Net
type: item
description: It is hard for computers to tell if parking is available because of things like different parking lot layouts, different types of vehicles, and photos that are low quality or grainy. We propose a transfer learning method based on TensorFlow Hub to create a large-scale multi-class image classification system for determining whether a parking space is available. To improve the model's performance, pre-trained architectures such as MobileNetV2 and Efficient Net are utilised to create rich feature representations from images of parking lots. We utilise a publicly available dataset with annotated images of parking lots and cars for training and testing. To improve the quality and reliability of the data, various preprocessing methods are employed, including image scaling, normalisation, and augmentation. We use categorical cross-entropy loss to improve the model, and we evaluate it using Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy metrics. The results demonstrate that this method is effective and can be applied in real-time parking availability detection, smart city solutions, and automated parking management systems. We also examine problems, including class imbalance, vehicles blocking each other, and misclassification, as parking layouts are identical. This work demonstrates how transfer learning can be beneficial for classifying large numbers of images, particularly for use on edge devices and in real-time applications that track parking availability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mobilenetv2
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficient Net
  topic: keywords
subject: Image Scaling
  topic: keywords
subject: Normalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Augmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-Time Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of Things
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Manimaran
creator: S.R. Saranya
creator: M. Mohamed Thariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 139
ending page: 155

Comprehensive Review on the Intersection of Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning in the Era of Generative AI
type: item
description: The accelerated growth of generative AI has transformed the relationship between Big Data Analytics (BDA) and Machine Learning (ML), enabling intelligent data-driven systems with unprecedented scalability, automation, and representation learning capability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of how BDA pipelines integrate with classical machine learning, deep learning, and modern generative AI systems such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and large language models (LLMs). A detailed examination of system modules—including data ingestion, distributed storage, feature engineering, model training, generative augmentation, and deployment—is presented to understand their role in modern analytics ecosystems. Although the paper discusses generative AI trends, all literature references are restricted to work published before December 2023. The proposed system architecture demonstrates how organizations can combine big data infrastructure with generative AI-driven ML pipelines to enhance decision-making, synthetic data generation, automation, and enterprise intelligence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Big Data Analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Generative AI
  topic: keywords
subject: Distributed Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: LLMs
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Augmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: GANs
  topic: keywords
subject: Cloud Computing
  topic: keywords
creator: Manish Adawadkar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2024-01-30
publication date: 2024-01-30
starting page: 98
ending page: 108

Determining the Optimal Longitudinal Spacing Between Upper and Lower Working Elements in Two-Tier Chisel-Type Plows
type: item
description: This scientific paper presents a complete methodology for determining the optimal longitudinal spacing between the lower deep-loosening shanks and the upper working tools of two-tier chisel-type plows. The study integrates soil deformation modeling, traction resistance optimization, analytical formulas, and IMRaT structural requirements. Results show that proper spacing significantly improves soil loosening, reduces traction demand, and enhances soil physical properties. Analytical formulas and engineering guidelines for real-world design and calibration are provided.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: two-tier tillage
  topic: keywords
subject: chisel plow
  topic: keywords
subject: paraplow
  topic: keywords
subject: longitudinal spacing
  topic: keywords
creator: Irgashev Dilmurod Begmurodovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-29
publication date: 2025-11-29
starting page: 122
ending page: 125

Theoretical Basis of Leveling Tillage in a Paraplow-Type Slanted-Column Chisel Plow
type: item
description: As is known, at present the use of static and dynamic equations alone is insufficient for solving the problem of equilibrium of agricultural units. It becomes necessary to introduce additional forces, which significantly increases the complexity of research in this field. Existing studies are characterized by the fact that when analyzing the stability of a tillage implement based on equilibrium conditions, the standard plow body is considered as the working tool.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: equilibrium conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: tillage unit
  topic: keywords
subject: analytical method
  topic: keywords
creator: Irgashev Dilmurod Begmurodovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-29
publication date: 2025-11-29
starting page: 113
ending page: 121

Thermo-Economic Optimization of a Novel Supercritical CO₂ Brayton Cycle Integrated with Concentrated Solar Power for High-Efficiency Electricity
type: item
description: The basic idea of this presented research is to modernize the electricity generation system with high quality and provide development in the economical and thermal mechanical design of the Bratton cycle. This research includes an advanced study of economic and analytical studies to give an ideal superior operational quality and enlarge the energy storage space while reducing excess costs. We used in this research the technology of simulating thermal movement in addition to the benefit of economic analysis to study variables on operational capabilities and benefit from them. The lower cycle also has an important role in thermal balance and modern experience has confirmed that it is more efficient than the old system in developing solar systems to reduce costs and consumption of thermal pressure inside. The system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electricity generation
  topic: keywords
subject: solar energy
  topic: keywords
subject: co2
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Abdellah Khadum Alajzan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 106
ending page: 112

Analysis of Methods and Equipments for Forming Small and Medium Diameter Welding Pipes
type: item
description: The article examines the methods of forming small and medium-diameter pipes, provides calibration of the forming mill rolls, and analyzes the composition and purpose of the equipment of the pipe-electric welding machines. The structure and functional roles of the equipment in pipe-electric welding machines, such as forming stands, vertical stands, welding machines, seam-cooling systems, calibration stands, and finishing sections are described. Particular attention is given to the working of forming stands and their calibration, deformation forces and the importance of local heat treatment and weld seam cooling in achieving high product quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: welding pipes
  topic: keywords
subject: forming mill n
  topic: keywords
subject: pipe-electric welding machines
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusupov A.A.
creator: Rayimkulov S.X.
creator: Khasanov K.A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 101
ending page: 105

The Impact of Urban Environment on the Atmosphere
type: item
description: Atmospheric pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems of modern times. To prevent it, it is necessary to reduce industrial emissions, switch to environmentally friendly energy sources, and apply advanced air purification technologies. Environmental sustainability can be achieved only with the participation of every person: it is essential to plant trees, rationally use transport, reduce waste, and promote recycling. Maintaining clean air plays a vital role not only for human health but also for the well-being of future generations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: human
  topic: keywords
subject: atmosphere
  topic: keywords
subject: ecology
  topic: keywords
creator: Fayzulla Chorshanbayev
creator: Chinnigul Melieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 96
ending page: 100

ORGANIZATION OF TRANSPORT FLOW THROUGH EXTERNAL ROUTES PASSING THROUGH THE CITY CENTER
type: item
description: In this article, the necessity and mechanisms for organizing the movement of vehicles to the city of Samarkand without entering the city center (from 1075+590 km of the M-39 "Almaty - Bishkek - Tashkent - Shakhrisabz - Termez" highway) along external bypass roads (from 0 km of the R-48 highway) were developed. In particular, foreign experience in this area was analyzed, and proposals suitable for the city of Samarkand were selected. Traffic jams occurring in the city, their causes have been identified, and modern solutions have been developed to prevent them. The necessity of introducing an automated digital control system on the main access roads located within the city limits, directing traffic through bypass roads, and developing a digital monitoring system is scientifically substantiated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bypass roads
  topic: keywords
subject: excessive traffic congestion
  topic: keywords
subject: traffic congestion
  topic: keywords
creator: Xudayberdiyev Ab’erqul
creator: Fayzullayev G`olib Zarifovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 91
ending page: 95

ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF SHOPPING CENTERS IN REGIONAL CENTERS OF UZBEKISTAN
type: item
description: In the modern world, special importance is given to the development of social infrastructure, including the growth of trade and service complexes at the agglomeration level. Today, developed countries are actively seeking measures to enhance socio-economic relations and to utilize agglomeration highways more effectively in this field. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of comprehensive projects aimed at forming agglomeration trade complexes connected to highways, as well as the reconstruction of existing trade centers to meet modern standards and address current needs. Scientific research conducted around the world places special emphasis on the rational use of trade and service infrastructure facilities along highways (trade and service complexes), architectural solutions for trade complexes both in city centers and on their outskirts, and the improvement of urban planning methods for the optimal placement of trade facilities. Many countries are working on the development of design standards that are aimed at practical implementation by design organizations [1,2,3,4,10,12,14]. In this direction, developed countries such as the United States and Turkey have made significant progress in analyzing and studying large trade complexes, such as Eastland in the Detroit City area and the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul. A priority focus is the study of the architectural and planning features of new, modern types of trade and service complexes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Architectural planning
  topic: keywords
subject: urban design
  topic: keywords
subject: shopping centers
  topic: keywords
creator: I.K. Eshatov
creator: F.F. Muxamadjanov
creator: N.B. Kadirova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 79
ending page: 90

Legal Regulation of Passenger Transportation by Rail in the Republic of Uzbekistan
type: item
description: Railway transport occupies a special place in the economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. One of the priorities of state policy is the transportation of passengers in the country, ensuring their safety, improving the quality of service and creating a transport system that meets environmental requirements. The effective operation of railway transport determines not only economic stability, but also social development, connectivity between regions and population mobility. Therefore, the correct formation of legal and regulatory frameworks in the field of passenger transportation is one of the urgent issues. This article fully covers the legal framework for rail transport.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Railway transport
  topic: keywords
subject: passenger transportation
  topic: keywords
subject: the legal framework
  topic: keywords
creator: Davletov Jaxongir Marksovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
date: 2025-11-22
publication date: 2025-11-22
starting page: 75
ending page: 78