American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
American Journal of Engineering, Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637) is an international peer-reviewed journal published to reach excellence on Research and Scientific Development. The journal is not limited to a specific aspect of engineering and architecture but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering sciences, electrical, mechanical and architecture. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome. The journal strives to maintain high-quality of publications. There will be a commitment to expediting the time taken for the publication of the papers. The editorial board reserves the right to reject papers without sending them out for review. The journal also publishes innovative contributions on every aspect of the architectural endeavor.
Temporal Evolution of Dominant Periodicity in All India and Kerala Monsoon Rainfall (1901-2024): A Comparative Spectral Analysis
Understanding the temporal organization of monsoon rainfall variability is essential for characterizing long-term climatic behavior over the Indian subcontinent. This study investigates the dominant periodicities in All-India and Kerala annual monsoon rainfall using long-term observational records spanning 1901–2024. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis is applied to the complete datasets to identify primary variability scales. To assess potential non-stationarity, the 124-year record is divided into three equal epochs and examined through epoch-wise spectral analysis. The results reveal that All-India rainfall exhibits pronounced temporal shifts in dominant periodicities, transitioning from interannual (~2–3 years) variability in the early twentieth century to decadal (~8–14 years) dominance in subsequent epochs. In contrast, Kerala rainfall demonstrates persistent decadal-scale variability throughout the record, with a gradual increase in dominant periodicity from approximately 10 years to around 14 years across successive epochs. The complete Kerala dataset further indicates a prominent quasi-decadal to multi-decadal peak (~17–18 years), underscoring the importance of longer-term oscillatory components at the regional scale. The comparative spectral analysis demonstrates clear regional contrasts in the temporal organization of monsoon rainfall variability. While the aggregated All-India rainfall series reflects evolving and non-stationary dominant periodicities, the Kerala record maintains relatively stable decadal-scale dominance. This contrast suggests that national-scale rainfall integrates multiple time-varying variability modes, whereas regional rainfall may preserve more persistent oscillatory characteristics. Overall, the findings provide statistical evidence of structural evolution in dominant variability scales and contribute to improved understanding of the evolving multi-scale behavior of Indian monsoon rainfall.
The Significance of Measures for the Protection of Mountain and Foothill Roads from Tectonic Movements, Washing, and Erosion
This article examines the significance of protective measures for highways located in mountainous and foothill regions against the impacts of tectonic movements, soil erosion, washing, and related natural processes. The study highlights that intensive precipitation, surface runoff, wind activity, landslides, and geological deformations significantly deteriorate road stability and reduce transportation safety. The research analyzes different types of erosion processes, including water, wind, and irrigation erosion, and their influence on roadbed degradation. Special attention is given to engineering and agrotechnical solutions such as drainage systems, slope reinforcement, geosynthetic materials, and vegetation cover. The findings indicate that integrated protection strategies substantially reduce soil loss, prevent road deformation, and improve long-term durability of road infrastructure. The study concludes that sustainable road management in complex mountainous conditions requires a combination of hydraulic, geotechnical, and ecological approaches to minimize the adverse effects of natural and anthropogenic factors and ensure safe transportation networks across regions worldwide.
Deep Learning-Based Prediction and Analysis of the Influence of Lubrication on Gear Efficiency
This paper involves an analysis and prediction of the effects of spur gears on efficiency based on the use of deep learning. The efficiency of the gear transmission is highly influenced by friction of the two meshing tooth faces, the formation of films of lubricant, power loss, and temperature of operation. Five lubrication conditions were studied in this work: unlubricated reference condition, grease, low-viscosity oil, medium-viscosity oil, and high-viscosity oil. Calculations of torque and speed were used to calculate input power, output power, power loss, and gear efficiency using the experimental data. Alongside, three deep learning algorithms, such as Deep Neural Network, 1D-Convolutional Neural Network, and Long Short-Term Memory network, were implemented to forecast gear efficiency and power loss based on various lubrication circumstances. The experimental data revealed that gear performance was greatly enhanced by the presence of lubrication as opposed to the absence of lubrication. The lowest efficiency of 87.9, highest power loss of 75.9 W and highest operating temperature of 58o C was observed with the unlubricated gear pair, whereas the lowest power loss of 37.2 W and the highest efficiency of 95.4 and 95.7 was observed with the low and high viscosity oil respectively. Medium-viscosity oil produced the best performance with the highest efficiency of 97.7 percent, the lowest power loss of 14.7 W, and the lowest operating temperature of 27 C compared to the unlubricated condition which had higher efficiency, lower power loss, and operating temperature. Deep learning outcome indicated that Deep Neural Network model had the most optimal prediction performance with an efficiency prediction RMSE of 0.29, power loss RMSE of 0.78 W and an R. 2 value of 0.98. The 1D-CNN and LSTM models made acceptable predictions, although, their errors were larger compared to the DNN model. In general, the findings support the view that adequate lubrication enhances the efficiency of gears by preventing the occurrence of frictional losses and heat. The article also shows that deep learning can become an efficient method to predict the gear performance and find the most appropriate lubrication condition.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)
Optimization of Series and Shunt Capacitor Compensation for Power Factor Improvement in Electrical Power Systems
Background: Power factor improvement stands as a vital requirement because low power factor generates multiple challenges which include rising power loss during transmission and unstable voltage levels and decreased system operational capacity. The solution to these problems arrives through capacitor compensation which uses shunt capacitors as the main solution for actual operational systems. Methods: This study conducted a quantitative data gathering first-hand information from 185 electrical experts completed a standardized survey. The study selected participants demonstrated specific expertise through its purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics together with Pearson correlation analysis to study power factor improvement relates to shunt capacitors and series capacitors and load levels and harmonic distortion and voltage levels and power loss reduction. Results: Shunt capacitors serve as the primary solution which users select at 68.1% frequency while hybrid systems follow at 57.8% and users select series capacitors at 51.9%. The primary advantage exists in power factor enhancement which accounts for 40.0% of the benefits followed by efficiency improvement at 28.1%. The correlation analysis demonstrates that shunt capacitor usage produces the most substantial positive correlation with power factor improvement at r = 0.72 and series capacitors create a substantial effect at r = 0.65. Power loss reduction (r =0.60) and voltage level (r =0.54) demonstrate moderate positive relationships. The system performance shows negative effects from harmonic distortion because of the correlation coefficient which reached -0.51. Conclusion: The study establishes that shunt capacitor compensation serves as the main power factor enhancement method which delivers the most effective results.
Advanced Low-Carbon Concrete for Sustainable Infrastructure Development in the United States
Background: The construction industry stands as a major source of worldwide carbon emissions because standard concrete manufacturing generates about seven to eight percent of all global CO2 emissions. The construction industry now receives advanced low-carbon concrete (LCC) technology which functions as an environmentally friendly building material solution. The United States has not accepted these technologies because they face multiple obstacles which include technical problems and economic barriers and regulatory restrictions. Methods: This study employs a quantitative cross-sectional design based on a structured survey of 175 construction industry professionals. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to assess four key dimensions: environmental awareness, technical performance, economic feasibility, and policy support. The research team used descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis to study the connections between variables which affect LCC adoption. Results: The research data shows that people have strong environmental knowledge with a score of 4.18 and they trust system performance at a level of 4.05 which indicates positive views about LCC technologies. The economic viability assessment shows a score of 3.72 which creates a moderate obstacle for project implementation. The regression model shows that environmental awareness and technical performance and policy support have major effects on adoption rates through R² = 0.64 and p = 0.001 but cost-related elements create adverse effects on decision-making processes. Conclusion: The technical and environmental capabilities of LCC technologies show great potential but their wide adoption faces two major obstacles which include financial restrictions and government policy barriers.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architectur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Recommendations for Improving The Training System for Passenger Specialists
This article presents recommendations for improving the system of training passenger and road sector specialists in higher education institutions. The study focuses on strengthening the role of universities in the labor market, enhancing cooperation between educational institutions and road construction enterprises, and improving the quality and practical orientation of engineering education. Special attention is given to the integration of theoretical training with real production conditions, as well as the involvement of industry professionals in the educational process. The analysis reveals several challenges in the current training system, including insufficient interaction between universities and enterprises, limited participation of industry specialists in curriculum development, and the dominance of traditional teaching methods. These factors negatively affect the competitiveness of graduates in the labor market. The article proposes a set of measures aimed at modernizing the educational process, including the development of joint curricula with enterprises, expansion of internship programs, introduction of innovative teaching technologies, and improvement of assessment systems. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to enhance the quality of training, strengthen university-industry collaboration, and ensure the preparation of highly qualified and competitive specialists for the road and transport sector.
Research of Physical-Chemical and Mechanical Properties and Development of Effective Composite Materials Compositions for the Production of Asphalt Concrete Highway Coverings
This article presents the results of studies of the compositions and physical-chemical properties of selected bitumens, rubber powders and other organic-mineral ingredients based on local raw materials, the possibility of improving the physical-chemical properties of bitumens by modifying fine rubber powders and other organic-mineral ingredients.
Improving the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete Using Nanoparticles
This article investigates the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete pavements using nanoparticles. During the research, the effects of adding nanomaterials to asphalt concrete mixtures on the pavement’s strength, elasticity, water resistance, and deformation resistance were analyzed. The influence of nano-silica, carbon compounds, and nanoclay materials on the properties of asphalt concrete was evaluated based on laboratory experiments. The obtained results showed that nanomodified asphalt concrete has higher operational efficiency compared to conventional asphalt concrete.
Principles of Architectural and Spatial Organization of Commercial and Service Facilities in Highway Roadside Areas
This article analyzes the issue of the architectural and planning organization of trade and service facilities in highway roadside areas from the perspectives of contemporary urban planning theory, transport safety, functional zoning, landscape organization, and territorial identity. The main idea of the research is that highway roadside areas should not be regarded merely as vacant spaces adjacent to transport infrastructure, but rather as complex urban spaces that guide urban and suburban development, shape economic activity, and define the visual image of city entrance areas. The Urban Planning Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan is considered the principal legal document aimed at regulating relations in the field of urban planning activities. The Law “On Highways” interprets highways as a complex of engineering structures ensuring the safe movement of vehicles. Based on this approach, the article develops six principal guidelines for organizing roadside trade and service areas: functional zoning, transport safety, pedestrian convenience, architectural and compositional integrity, ecological and landscape sustainability, and territorial identity principles.
Python-Based Slot Machine Game Simulation using Randomization and Control Structures
The Python Slot Machine project is a simple and interactive console based application that simulates the working of a classic casino slot machine using python programming. The main purpose of this project is to show and use fundamental programming concepts in a fun and practical way. This reinforces the concepts of loops, conditional statements, functions, random number generation, and user input/output handling in a game-like environment, which makes learning fun through interaction. In this game the user has a predefined balance and can make virtual bets before spinning the slot machine. Each spin will create a random combination of symbols through the use of randomisation features in Python. The outcome of each spin is evaluated according to pre-determined rules, where combinations of symbols result in payouts, and other combinations result in the loss of the bet placed. The game is on a loop so the user can play several rounds until he decides to stop or runs out of balance. The system has important features such as input validation to only accept valid bet amounts, a balance tracking mechanism to keep track of the player’s credits, and a clear win/lose logic to determine the outcome of each spin. These features make the game play smoothly and prevent invalid inputs from breaking the program flow. Overall, the Python Slot Machine project is a simple entertainment application and an educational tool. It provides hands on experience with basic python concepts and also introduces you to basic game development logic which is a nice stepping stone towards more advanced programming and interactive game development projects.
Turbulent Flow Dynamics in A Curved 2D Channel
This paper investigates the dynamics of turbulent flow in a curved 2D channel, focusing on the changes in flow characteristics due to curvature. Understanding the turbulent flow behavior is crucial for various engineering applications, including pipe design, aerodynamics, and environmental fluid mechanics. The study highlights the effects of centrifugal forces, flow separation, and secondary vortices that develop due to the curvature. Numerical simulations are performed using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with appropriate turbulence models. Results show that flow separation occurs on the inner wall of the curved channel, while strong secondary flows arise, significantly influencing the velocity distribution and pressure gradients.
Accessibility of Cultural Heritage Sites for People with Reduced Mobility: Architectural Approaches and Practical Solutions
This article addresses the pressing challenge of creating an architecturally accessible environment at cultural heritage sites. It examines the theoretical foundations of the universal design concept, the principles of international heritage protection legislation, and the rights of people with reduced mobility. Special attention is given to the tension between accessibility requirements and the principles governing the preservation of historic buildings, and methodological tools for resolving this tension are proposed. Using the Gur-Emir architectural ensemble in Samarkand, Uzbekistan — a fifteenth-century monument inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List — as a case study, the article analyses accessibility barriers and proposes a set of concrete architectural adaptations that comply with the principles of minimum intervention and reversibility. The guiding principles of an architectural concept for integrating accessibility elements into the historic setting are formulated. The findings are applicable to the development of methodological guidelines for adapting other historic heritage sites.
Efficiency of BIM Technology in Construction Projects and Its Role in Risk Reduction
This article scientifically analyzes the effectiveness of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in construction projects, its advantages in project management, and its role in reducing risks. The study highlights BIM technology’s capabilities in optimizing time and costs, improving information exchange among project participants, reducing errors, and increasing construction quality. Furthermore, the economic efficiency of BIM and its importance in risk management are examined based on international experience.
Game Compatibility Assessment Web Tool for Predicting Performance and Optimal Settings
Gaming is now available for a full range of PC hardware configurations and there is a need for a simple-to-use tool for checking game compatibility. In this project, we have developed a Game Compatibility Website, a client-side web application that seeks to determine if the hardware of a user can run some games efficiently. This system was developed in HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Users can input their CPU, GPU and RAM specs, select a game (currently Fortnite, GTA 5 and Cyberpunk 2077) and select a resolution (1080p, 1440p or 4K). It then matches these inputs to the predefined system requirements and suggests a preset setting (Low, Medium or High) and FPS estimates. This is an excellent tool for gamers to use. This offline-enabled website is a lightweight, user-friendly alternative to existing tools, requiring no internet connection or software installation. The project is based on a structured methodology with design, development and manual testing with different hardware configurations to ensure reliability and usability. Future upgrades could bring automatic hardware recognition and a bigger game library, making it more useful to gamers.
Compliance Control Tuning in Dynamic Mechatronic Systems Assisted by Deep and Reinforcement Learning
Manipulation tasks often call for complex combinations of compliance control objectives such as trajectory tracking, energy efficiency, and smoothness, which cannot be jointly satisfied by a fixed-parameter impedance controller for different scenarios. Here we introduce a DL+RL solution to learn variable impedance control policies for a 7-DOF robot manipulator. We train an LSTM with multi-head self-attention module to refine reference trajectories with behavior cloning, and learn a PPO agent to continuously adjust per joint stiffness at runtime. Our physics-informed auto-damping formulation is based on critical damping theory which automatically links damping coefficients with stiffness, reducing the degrees-of-freedom of the action space while yielding mechanically principled impedance behaviour. We benchmark this method, trained on the DROID robotic manipulation dataset, against baselines comprising fixed-parameter impedance controllers, DL-only models and RL-only models. Our DL+RL method reduces control energy by 25.9% and motion jerk by 96% relative to the fixed-parameter baseline with statistical significance determined by paired t-tests. An ablation study highlights the benefit of each architectural choice, including our proposed physics-informed damping formulation and attention mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Architectural Analysis of The Ayaz Kala Monument and its Role in Tourism
This article analyzes the architectural formation, defensive system, structural solutions, and the role of the Ayaz Kala complex in modern tourism infrastructure located in the Ellikkala district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. During the research, the planning structure of the fortress, its construction materials, defensive elements, and harmony with the surrounding landscape were studied. In addition, the architectural features of the ethno-tourism and archaeological tourism infrastructure formed in the Ayaz Kala area were analyzed, and opportunities for the development of sustainable tourism were considered. According to the research results, Ayaz Kala is not only a historical and cultural heritage site, but also an important model for the formation of sustainable tourism architecture in desert regions.
Using Metallurgical Slags in the Construction of Cement-Concrete Roads
This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating metallurgical waste, specifically slag, as a partial replacement material in cement concrete mixtures for road construction. Experimental studies were conducted using different proportions of slag to evaluate its effects on compressive strength, density, and overall performance. The results indicate that the inclusion of slag improves the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly long-term strength and durability. Microstructural observations suggest that slag contributes to additional cementitious reactions, resulting in a denser structure and reduced porosity. Furthermore, the use of metallurgical waste reduces cement consumption and provides environmental benefits by recycling industrial by-products. The findings confirm that slag-based concrete is a promising and sustainable alternative for cement-concrete pavements.
Effect of Lubrication on Gear Efficiency: Experimental Investigation of Power Losses in a Spur Gear Pair
The experiment determines the impact of lubrication on the efficiency of a spur gear type of transmission system under controlled operating conditions. Friction between meshing tooth surfaces, formation of lubricant films and heat generation during the transmission of power have a strong effect on gear efficiency. A spur gear pair in this study was subjected to constant speed and load conditions with varying conditions of lubrication which included an unlubricated reference condition, grease lubrication, low-viscosity oil, medium-viscosity oil and high-viscosity oil. The experimental data were processed using a deterministic algorithm of torque/speed calculation. Input power and output power were computed by the algorithm using the relation of power, P=2PIFNT/60, based on measured rotational speed and torque. The ratio of the output power to the input power was then used to calculate gear efficiency and the difference between the input and output power was used to calculate power loss. Comparative ranking algorithm was also used to find the best lubrication condition that has the highest efficiency and minimum power loss. The findings revealed that gear performance had a remarkable improvement due to lubrication. The gear pair with least lubrication gave the lowest efficiency of 87.9% with the greatest power loss of 75.9 W and the highest operating temperature of 58 C. The highest efficiency of 94.2 was the efficiency of the unlubricated gear pair, whereas the least amount of power loss of 75.9 W and the highest operating temperature of 58 C were the maximum power loss and the maximum The medium-viscosity oil produced the greatest performance with the highest efficiency of 97.7, the lowest power loss of 14.7 W and the lowest operating temperature of 27 C. The medium-viscosity oil enhanced the performance of the system by 9.8 percentage points and power loss of about 80.6 W compared with the unlubricated condition. These observations suggest that adequate lubrication minimizes the losses during friction, constrains heat production, and enhances efficiency in power transmission. The research concludes that medium-viscosity oil gives the best lubrication conditions in the spur gear system being tested since it gives an adequate film strength-viscous resistance balance of the lubricant. Keywords: lubricant film formation, spur gear, low-viscosity, heat generation.
The Project of Placement of Medical and Preventive Institutions Serving The Population and Calculation of Water Consumption
This project is dedicated to the development of architectural, engineering and environmental solutions for the private clinic building. The facility consists of two two-story buildings designed for 15 beds. During the design process, the requirements of the current urban planning regulations, building regulations and regulatory documents are strictly observed. Calculations of the water supply and wastewater balance of the facility are carried out in detail in the project. The volume of water consumption for household and drinking needs of staff and patients, for the operation of kitchens, washing systems, as well as for irrigation and sanitary cleaning of the territory has been determined. Calculations of wastewater generation were also performed for the main functional areas of the facility. The facility belongs to the IV ecological category, which characterizes its minimal impact on the environment. During operation, the bulk of the waste is solid waste, while there are no gaseous or liquid emissions. To ensure fire safety, the installation of primary fire extinguishing equipment is provided. In general, the project is characterized by engineering soundness, meets the requirements of environmental safety and is aimed at ensuring comfortable and safe operating conditions for the facility, as well as landscaping the surrounding area.
Water is an inevitable by-product of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Accumulation of water in the reaction medium can lead to oxidation and sintering of cobalt particles and reduce catalyst lifetime. This study investigates the influence of incorporating zeolites with different cationic forms into cobalt-based FTS catalysts and examines how the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the zeolite–water interface affects catalyst performance. Metallic aluminum content in catalysts was monitored before and after 120 hours of FTS. Results show that H-form zeolites protect metallic aluminum from oxidation due to competitive adsorption of hydrocarbons, whereas hydrophilic zeolites allow greater oxidation. The findings indicate that selecting appropriate zeolites can control interfacial hydrophobicity, minimize metal oxidation, and influence the composition of synthetic crude oil products.
Use of Activated Mineral Powders to Improve the Strength of Asphalt Concrete Pavements
This study investigates the scientific and practical aspects of improving the performance of asphalt concrete pavements through the use of activated mineral powders. Particular attention is given to the role of mineral fillers in asphalt mixtures, as well as to the mechanisms of their mechanical and chemical activation and the resulting physicomechanical transformations. The findings indicate that activated mineral powders significantly enhance compressive strength, shear resistance, moisture stability, and temperature resistance of asphalt concrete. These improvements are attributed to increased surface activity, enhanced adhesion between bitumen and mineral particles, and the formation of a denser microstructure. Furthermore, under the continental climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, the application of activated mineral powders contributes to extending pavement service life and reducing overall maintenance and lifecycle costs.
Abdurazakov Mirzohid Abdurahmonkhujayevich
Optimizing Precast Concrete Formwork Efficiency for Highrise Buildings
Precast concrete is concrete that is molded and processed under the standard conditions of a high-quality factory, and then it is transported to the project site using appropriate equipment and then installed in fact, precast concrete buildings are a combination of different types of structural systems so that these systems can be combined in different ways in order to reach a useful and efficient structural system, considering that the structural connections and connecting areas of prefabricated concrete members are usually exposed to concentrated forces with high intensity, so in this article trying to explain the application of precast concrete method and the possibility of using this method in the design of existing connections between parts.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Increasing Energy Efficiency in Solar Energy
In this article, the importance of the laws of thermodynamics in the use of solar energy is analyzed. The process of converting solar radiation into thermal energy is explained on the basis of the law of conservation of energy and the concept of entropy. The operating principles of solar collectors and photovoltaic panels are considered from a thermodynamic point of view. Attention will also be paid to methods of increasing energy efficiency, reducing heat losses, and the rational use of renewable energy sources. The research results show that thermodynamics is an important scientific basis for the development of solar energy.
Issues of Preserving National Traditions and Adapting Them to Modern Requirements in the Architecture of Mid-Rise Residential Buildings
This article analyzes the issues of preserving national traditions in the architecture of mid-rise residential buildings and developing them in accordance with modern requirements. During the research, the integration of traditional architectural elements such as courtyard systems, the harmony between interior and exterior spaces, national ornaments, and compositional solutions with modern construction technologies is examined. Additionally, new typological solutions for mid-rise residential buildings are proposed based on energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, functional planning, and urban planning requirements. The article identifies key principles for creating modern architecture while preserving national identity and explores their practical application. The research results demonstrate that by integrating traditional architectural values into modern design processes, it is possible to create residential environments that are not only aesthetically rich but also socially and environmentally sustainable.
Technologies for using Geosetting on Cement-Concrete Covered Roads
This article addresses important issues related to the reinforcement and rehabilitation of cement concrete pavements through the application of asphalt concrete overlay layers. Special emphasis is placed on improving the structural performance and service life of existing road pavements that are subject to increasing traffic loads and environmental impacts. The study explores modern reinforcement techniques, including the use of armored geogrids and fiberglass grids, which are widely recognized for their effectiveness in enhancing pavement strength and durability. The findings of this study provide practical recommendations for the design and implementation of reinforced pavement structures, contributing to more reliable, cost-effective, and sustainable road infrastructure development.
AI Powered Virtual Travel Planner and Ternary Report Generator
The fast growth of AI has changed how people plan and enjoy travel. This study introduces an AI-driven virtual travel planner combined with a ternary report generator to provide tailored, efficient, and data-informed travel solutions. The suggested system uses machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and user preference modelling to make personalised travel plans based on budget, preferences, time limitations, and real-time contextual data like weather and traffic conditions. The ternary report generator also sorts trip insights into three main categories: cost efficiency, experiential value, and sustainability. This helps users make smart choices. To improve planning accuracy and user happiness, the system uses recommendation engines, dynamic route optimisation, and sentiment analysis of user feedback. Experimental results show that this technique of arranging trips is more relevant, takes less time, and gets users more involved than previous methods. The framework also makes sure that it may grow and change to fit different places and groups of people. This research advances the evolving domain of intelligent tourism systems by providing a holistic, user-focused platform that consolidates planning, assessment, and reporting into a cohesive solution, thereby improving the overall travel experience.
Comparative Study of Inverter Types Used in the Iraqi Local Market: Performance and Technical Characteristics Analysis
Inverter sets commonly used in the Iraqi market were used to install solar power systems for residential, commercial, and industrial loads. The experiment took place in Kirkuk Governorate, specifically in one of the workshops that maintain inverters used in the local solar power system market. The size and specifications of the inverters were measured, the output waveform was measured, the inverter performance was studied, and its quality was compared with its estimated costs and total waveform (THD).The rapid expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems worldwide has increased the importance of power electronic converters, particularly solar inverters, which convert direct current (DC) generated by photovoltaic panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for electrical loads and grid integration. In countries experiencing unstable electricity supply, such as Iraq, solar PV systems have become an attractive solution for residential and commercial applications. This paper offers a comparative assessment to types of commonly used inverter technologies in the Iraqi local market, off-grid, grid-tied and hybrid inverter are examined. The efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), voltage stability, reliability and operational flexibility are the aspects under primary consideration in performance analysis. We experimentally analyze and evaluate the technical specifications of some of the most commonly used inverter brands. The results show that basis on stable grid, greatest energy conversion efficiency can be achieved through grid-tied inverters, while hybrid inverter enjoy the highest operational flexibility and reliability under weak/unstable grid. The results presented would give some practical suggestions to choose appropriate inverter technologies for solar PV applications in Iraq.
Improvement of Road Equipment and Separation Barriers on Roads and Effective Use of Innovative Technologies in Maintenance Work
This article describes the effective use of modern technologies in the maintenance and repair of road equipment, road barriers, road signs, and information road equipment on the roads of our country and developed countries, mainly to reduce the level of human (factor) and power consumption in maintenance work, further optimize the night visibility of road equipment and its impact on vehicle traffic. In addition, it is discussed about the increased use of innovative modern technologies in maintenance work, especially in ensuring that the condition of road barriers is constantly the same.
This article examines the basic principles and technologies for creating a road database. The goal is to create an effective database that allows for the collection, storage, and analysis of accurate and up-to-date data on road infrastructure, traffic, and road conditions. The article discusses database structure, data collection methods, data analysis and visualization, as well as data security issues.
The Personnel Issue in The Bukhara Railway System in The 1950–60s
This article analyzes the personnel issue in the Bukhara railway system during the 1950–60s, focusing on the training, retention, and motivation of qualified specialists. It also highlights the role of communist ideology in political propaganda, the system of training young personnel, and the creation of social and cultural conditions for railway workers. Based on archival sources and periodical press materials, the article examines кадровая policy in the railway system, revealing its achievements and shortcomings. The study concludes that personnel policy in this period was closely linked to the socio-economic policies of the former USSR.