Assessment of The Seismic Stress–Strain State of Radial-Beam Domes of The “Eski Hammam” Architectural Monument

Abstract

This study investigates the stress–strain state of the sixteenth-century “Eski Hammam” architectural monument under seismic loading, with particular emphasis on its radial-beam domes and the composite membrane proposed for structural strengthening. The main objective of the study was to assess the deformation behaviour of the dome system and the overall building–foundation–soil interaction under static and seismic actions. Numerical modelling was performed using the finite element method implemented in the LIRA-SAPR software package. The bending and longitudinal stiffness of the dome supporting contour in the membrane plane were taken into account, together with empirical relationships describing the deformation behaviour of the strengthening composite membrane. The numerical results showed that the effective modal mass participation of the restored building model was 90.69% along the X-axis, 91.93% along the Y-axis, and 99.97% along the Z-axis. According to the Richard von Mises model, the maximum displacement of the restored structure did not exceed 158.25 mm, while the calculated foundation settlement was 6.1 cm. These values were compared with the adopted regulatory limits and indicated satisfactory seismic performance of the restored structural system. The study also developed practical recommendations for strengthening historical domes with composite membranes, including membrane attachment to the supporting contour, corrosion protection, prevention of local crushing at connection zones, and provision of effective drainage of precipitation from the deformed membrane surface.