Promoting Cosmopolitanism through Public Diplomacy: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Tensions

Abstract

Cross-cultural exchanges, as a form of public diplomacy (PD) stand as a natural and commendable instrument for fostering the exchange and appreciation of civilizations on a global scale. Yet, debates in the on PD in the fields of social science and International Relations (IR) persist regarding their compatibility with the goals of public diplomacy (PD), particularly concerning whether cultural promotion aligns with the traditional notion of PD as serving state interests or global interests. Contemporary PD research challenges the narrow conception of PD as solely serving state interests, advocating for a more inclusive and ethical approach that prioritizes symmetric dialogue and collaborative understanding among diverse stakeholders. As per the state of the art, PD is conceived as a socially responsible endeavor, can indeed harmonize with the promotion of cosmopolitanism. By transcending outdated dichotomies and embracing a holistic vision of PD, nations can foster meaningful long-term relationships and navigate the complexities of an interconnected world with greater efficacy and advance the common interests of promoting cosmopolitanism in the globalization era. While this remains valid at the theoretical level, the article argues that tensions may arise between individual and political interests (national or global) at the level of the everyday practice of PD, such conflicts do not invalidate the fundamental synergy between PD and the advancement of global understanding. This abstract calls for further exploration into the empirical dynamics shaping the intersection of private and political interests in PD practice.