American Journal of Engineering , Mechanics and Architecture (2993-2637)

The Influence of Different Selection Varieties of Cotton Primary Working Process on Pollution Amount

Yuldasheva M. T — 2024-12-04

in this article, the research work was carried out in the enterprises of the cluster system of "ZAMIN ANGOR CLUSTER" LLC and "DENOV TEXTILE CLUSTER" LLC in Surkhandarya region. For him, the degree of contamination of the fiber of the seed obtained from promising selection varieties Surkhan-9, Surkhan-101, Termez-49, Termez-208 and Surkhan-102 grown in some farms of Denov and Shorchi districts was studied in the laboratory of the Department of "Textile materials Science".

Modern Approaches to Improving the Functional Properties of Canvas Fabrics

Z. Kurbonova — 2024-12-04

The Importance of Interlacements in Ikat Fabric Decoration

Axmadxanov Musoxon A’zam ugli — 2024-12-04

Ikat, a renowned fabric art form, epitomizes the intricate relationship between weaving techniques and artistic expression. The term "ikat" originates from the Malay-Indonesian word meaning "to bind," reflecting the tie-dye processes used to pattern the yarn before weaving. Interlacements—where warp and weft threads interact in predetermined sequences—play a pivotal role in ikat’s aesthetic, lending these textiles their distinct charm. This article delves into the artistic, cultural, and technical dimensions of interlacements in ikat fabrics, highlighting their significance in maintaining the legacy and innovation of textile design.

Designing Compression Sportswear in Cad Systems

Joxongir Monnopov — 2024-12-04

The article provides information about computer-aided design systems, their capabilities, design features of compression sportswear, anthropometric indicators of athletes, 3D design capabilities and assessment of clothing fit on a virtual mannequin. Also, this study explores the application of computer-aided design (CAD) systems in creating compression sportswear, emphasizing their role in automating design processes and enhancing garment precision. It examines key anthropometric considerations, the integration of 3D modeling, and virtual fit assessments on mannequins. The findings suggest that while CAD systems improve efficiency and accuracy, further refinement in virtual modeling capabilities is essential to optimize material properties and enhance consumer experience. The study highlights future directions for CAD development in textile engineering.

The Infrastructure of Preschool Educational Institutions and its Impact on Children's Lives

Kholiyorova Maftuna Azamat qizi — 2024-12-04

This article reflects on the infrastructure of preschool educational institutions and its impact on children's lives.

Laboratory Evaluation of Steel Pipe Filled with Concrete Exposed to Heat Considering the Adhesion between Concrete and Steel

Dr. Amjad Al-Mudhafer — 2024-12-03

Due to the progress of composite structures and its use in columns, consideration should be given to the slip effect between the steel and concrete component as well as the appropriate solution for the shear and shear stress transfer between the two materials and the use of maximum bearing capacity of concrete and steel in these structures.

In this study, by conducting a push-out experiment unilaterally on a CFST column with a circular cross section under heat of the furnace and cooled, to evaluate the natural bonding interaction and bond stress behavior; The slip in different samples is discussed. The parameters studied in this study are the number of shear and heat applied to the specimens before cooling. The diameter-to-thickness ratio for the circular cross-section geometry is assumed to be a constant value of 70 and a number of welded shear zeros of 0, 4 and 6, and the operating temperature of the furnace at 250, 500 and 750 °C, respectively. All specimens were 14 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height.

The compressive strength of the fixed concrete and its value is 21 MPa and the steel sheet used is ST37. Bond stress and hardness indices were evaluated for each sample. The results of the study showed that the shear parameter is the cause of the macro changes in the boundary between the steel pipe and the concrete component, which results in significant changes and significant increase in the indices, resulting in a high shear residual shear strength.

Prediction Models for Compaction and Mixing Temperatures for Asphalt Mixture modified with SBS

Ethar K Shaker — 2024-12-03

The application of SBS polymer (styrene butadiene styrene) to the mixture to improve the performance results in necessary high temperatures that negatively impact the characteristics of the mixture modified with SBS. The purpose of the study is to forecast models for the compaction temperature and mixing temperature of the mixtures that modifying with SBS and evaluates the impact of filler kind, asphalt content and styrene butadiene styrene content on the temperatures. (3%, 4%and 5%) of the asphalt's weight cement is produced of styrene butadiene styrene and asphalt cement grade (40-50). Asphalt mixtures were tested using two methods: compaction of asphalt mixture test and mix coating test. According to the outcomes of experimental testing, there is a negative association between the asphalt content and the mixing and the compaction temperatures. However, there is a positive association between the content of SBS and the mixing and compaction temperatures. The modified asphalt blend containing lime stone dust has produced high mixing temperature and compaction temperature than the mixture containing Portland cement. In HSRV-O approach the compaction and mixing temperatures of modified bitumen with styrene butadiene styrene decreased in contrast to the super pave method while HSRV-E method showed even greeter decreases.

Kinematics of Soil-Tilling Vibrational Mechanisms

Umurzakov Akramjon Khakimovich — 2024-12-06

This scientific article presents a structural analysis of vibrational mechanisms designed for soil tillage. Vibrational mechanisms play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of agricultural machinery. They are used for soil loosening, weed elimination, and improving the fertility layer of the soil.

A Review: An Enhancement of Heat Sink Having Various Perforated Fin Shapes and Dimensions

Anssam Ali — 2024-12-07

Managing electronic systems is challenging due to the need for compact and efficient thermal solutions.

Make sure to scale appropriately to avoid any failures that may occur due to the development of hot spots.

Using high-performance heat sinks can improve the efficiency and reliability of the system. Enhancing the effi-ciency of heat transfer can significantly improve the previously low coefficient of performance (COP) of ther-moelectric cooling and heating. Research is constantly being conducted to enhance its effectiveness through the reduction of the thermal boundary layer thickness and the increase of the heat transfer surface area. Perfora-tions in the fins are a method that can be used to enhance its effectiveness. Studies have demonstrated that circular perforations can reduce temperature from 300°C to 38°C, compared to 55°C for solid fins. Further-more, the positioning of perforations on the fins, specifically at the upper section, has been highlighted to im-prove thermal efficiency. Perforated fins, especially those with circular shapes, can improve heat transfer coef-ficients and promote uniform temperature distributions on the surfaces of the fins. This eventually optimises the thermal efficiency of heat sinks.

3D Printer — The Technology of the Future

A.A. Fayzullaev — 2024-12-06

This article will discuss a new technology for creating objects and items — a 3D printer. The history of its origin is described, the basic principles and technologies of the device are indicated. A study of the use of a 3D printer is conducted, and the problems and prospects of using this technology in various areas of life are highlighted.

Technological Features of Increasing Corrosion Resistance of the Logging TIP Part of the Load-Bearing Geophysical Cable of Type NKB

Guzashvili, K. V. — 2024-12-06

In the oil and gas industry, precise measurements of well parameters are key, provided by modern equipment such as logging tips. These devices not only transmit important data on the geological structure and composition of wells, but are also subject to significant mechanical loads and aggressive environments, which increases the problem of corrosion. An effective solution to this problem requires not only the selection of the right materials and coatings, but also the use of specialized processing technologies.

Technological Features of Increasing Corrosion Resistance of the Logging Tip Part of the load-Bearing Geophysical Cable of Type Nkb

Guzashvili, K.V., Mirzarakhimova, Z.B. — 2024-12-03

3d Printer — the Technology of the Future

A.A. Fayzullaev — 2024-12-04

The Effect of Sulfur Salts on Concrete

Sarah Jawad Naser — 2024-12-11

It is anticipated that the constant need for concrete will rise as a result of the rapid advancements in global construction. Due to this need, a significant amount of cement must be produced, which could have negative ecological effects like raising atmospheric CO2 emissions. This prompted a number of researchers to look for cement substitutes, and sulfur salts -based concrete is one such substitute. The amount of cement needed to manufacture regular concrete is decreased because to this concrete composite In order to produce Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) can be partially substituted with sulfur in sulfur salts -based concrete. It is a composite matrix of building materials composed primarily of sulfur and aggregates. In terms of exceptional durability resistance, low heat conductivity, little shrinkage, quick early strength rise, and improved adhesion, sulfur-modified concrete performs better than regular concrete. Due to the exceptional qualities indicated above, sulfur salts -based concrete can be used as a primary building material for offshore projects, underground utility networks, and dams. This study provides a thorough understanding of the possible uses of sulfur salts -based concrete in the modern construction industry by analyzing the sources, emissions from construction companies, and compositions of sulfur; describing the properties and processes of sulfur production; and highlighting relevant literature.

Development and Characterization of Innovative Two-Layer Knitted Fabrics for Outerwear

Sheraliyeva Risolat — 2024-12-12

This study presents the development and analysis of innovative two-layer knitted fabrics intended for outerwear, focusing on expanding fabric types, reducing raw material consumption, and enhancing product quality. Three variants of these fabrics were knitted using a 12th-class flat two-needle knitting machine (Long Xing LXA 252). Polyacrylonitrile yarn with a linear density of 32x2 tex and electrically conductive yarn were used as primary materials. The research evaluates how fabric structure and production methods affect technological parameters such as air permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, and deformation characteristics. Findings highlight that structural adjustments and material compositions significantly improve the fabric's functional and aesthetic qualities, ensuring better consumer properties.

Proposed Planning Methods to Confront the Effects of Urban Encroachment in Najaf Governorate

Ms. Saif al-deen mohammed olewi — 2024-12-17

The importance of this study lies in its exploration of proposed planning strategies to address the phenomenon of urban encroachment in Najaf Governorate. It highlights the social and economic characteristics of residents in informal settlements, emphasizing their dangers and the implications for human life. A thorough understanding of the environment in these areas enables officials, engineers, and planners to develop effective programs for improvement and significantly mitigate associated risks. The study also examines the reality of informal settlements and their negative impacts while identifying key urban characteristics of these residential areas. Thus, the study aims to explore planning approaches derived from global experiences to eliminate or reduce the spread of informal settlements and prevent their future emergence.

The study found that the number of families in Najaf in 2019 was 218,903, while the number of housing units in the governorate that same year was 208,498. This indicates a housing deficit of 10,405 units, in addition to the number of units occupied by squatters, estimated at 53,810, and the dilapidated units, totalling around 5,212. This means the governorate needs 69,427 housing units to achieve adequate housing. The study also revealed a variation in the number of informal housing clusters, which numbered 27 in 2014 and increased to 89 by 2017, with the district of Kufa ranking first with 18 informal clusters.

Structure and Properties of Chemical Transformations of Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids

Mamatqoriyev Otabek Vahobjonovich — 2024-12-18

Aromatic dicarboxylic acids are aromatic compounds with two carboxyl groups, often located on a benzene ring. Their properties and transformations are unique, and their complete correction and reactions are discussed.

Defensive Architecture and Urban Development in Khorezm, 5th-9th Centuries

Yunusov Alisher Shuxratovich — 2024-12-18

This study explores the defensive architecture and urban development of Khorezm between the 5th and 9th centuries AD, focusing on fortresses, palaces, and defensive walls. Khorezm, a significant cultural and trade hub, played a pivotal role in shaping Central Asian architecture. However, limited comprehensive analysis exists on the construction techniques, spatial organization, and sociopolitical significance of its architectural complexes during this period.

To address this gap, this research synthesizes findings from archaeological excavations documented in the Khorezm region, with emphasis on fortifications such as Sheraz Kala and Hazarasp. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining architectural analysis and material culture studies to investigate construction methods, urban layouts, and defensive strategies.

The findings reveal the use of mud bricks and baked bricks in fortifications, with complex layouts designed for both protection and governance. Key discoveries include multi-functional rooms, well-preserved defensive walls, and evidence of Zoroastrian burial practices within these structures. Urban centers demonstrated a strategic integration of residential and military architecture, reflecting a blend of local innovations and regional influences.

The results indicate that Khorezm's defensive architecture not only safeguarded its inhabitants but also facilitated administrative control and cultural continuity. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of Central Asian architectural history and underscore the importance of preserving Khorezm's archaeological heritage for future research and cultural tourism. This study provides a foundation for further exploration of urban and defensive systems in ancient civilizations of the region.

Mathematical Models of the Condition of the Suspension Wire of a New Spatial Rhombic Contact with a Flexible Retainer Taken Into Account of Temperature Changes

Amirov S. F. — 2024-12-20

Taking temperature changes into account, the results of creating mathematical models for the states of new spatial rhombic contact suspension wires with flexible fixators will be applicable to all types of spatial rhombic contact suspension wires. It is assumed that all accumulated vertical and horizontal forces act at a single point in the middle of the span, influencing the supporting cables. The goal of creating the mathematical model for this situation is to pre-determine the failure, maintenance, and repair times of the new spatial rhombic contact suspension wires with flexible fixators, as well as to prevent accidents caused by external temperature effects.

Protection of Wooden Materials Modern Methods

T. M. Maxmatkulov — 2024-12-20

During the exploitation of wooden materials they are exposed to various impacts. At present, there are various methods of protection. Various modern methods of protection have been developed that meet the design requirements. The article provides information on modern methods of protection and the results of the analysis provided.